https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Sophia+Silverton&feedformat=atomUrban Arena Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T05:39:22ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.37.2https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4355Informed2022-06-23T16:15:00Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Finance - We need new ways of funding */</p>
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'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
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==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
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In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
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The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
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You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
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#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
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Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
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''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
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#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
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Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
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==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
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Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable|#Responsibility]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
[[File:Knowledge.png|thumb|601x601px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], based on collaborative forms of knowledge generation like co-production, co-inquiry, community-based and community-led research, participatory action research and [[Citizen science]], are key processes in the effective co-generation and mobilisation of knowledge. They depend on effective [[Data collection]], and ideally sharing of data, which can draw on the aforementioned citizen science and other forms of collaborative inquiry. This may take place within the context of [[Crowdsourcing]] efforts that invite people from all walks of life to contribute to identifying issues and courses of action. [[Integral MetaMapping]] can also help develop a common language that links different kinds of stakeholder knowledge.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Any [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] requires both that citizens are well-informed, and that their knowledge and insights are taken into account. [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of change]] also means drawing on and bringing together the knowledge of diverse stakeholder groups in a city. Accessing this knowledge means it is necessary to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]], while exchanging knowledge and information is, in itself, an important way to [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges between different stakeholder groups]].<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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This key is a direct remedy for a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. Wider access to knowledge is crucial to overcoming [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]], and can help address [[Weak(ened) civil society|weakened civil society]]. Sharing knowledge more widely and ensuring that decision-making processes and organizational structures both enable and reflect this is an important part of overcoming unfit institutional structures.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*The big challenge will be to transfer knowledge to citizens and enable citizens to create and share knowledge. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*Design thinking, citizen science and the arts could all play key roles in empowering communities to collect and create collaborative data, and build knowledge commons. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces: How to access information, how to communicate through e-platforms, how to access education, how to access democratic online participation tools. Is information from the city website accessible? Can people understand what it says? Can they see what it says? Are all the city apps accessible?. (Pilar Orero, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''The city as commons, Ghent, Belgium''<br />
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The [https://commonstransition.org/commons-transition-plan-city-ghent/ Ghent Commons Transition Plan] was commissioned by the Mayor and Council of Ghent in Northern Flanders. <br />
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Its aim was to document and understand the emergence of the commons in the city in order to identify what forms of public policy could best support its further growth. It was developed on the basis of a broad participatory inquiry during early 2017, which aimed to capture the knowledge of those involved in sustainability and equity initiatives across the city. A key outcome was understanding the city itself as a commons, in which active co-creation and exchange of knowledge support collaborative action between authorities and local residents. One such initiative explored in the process was the [https://stad.gent/en/city-governance-organisation/featured-projects/living-streets Living Streets project], which supports citizens in redefining urban spaces by closing streets to traffic for extended periods.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Connect economy and ecology in learning programmes''<br />
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#Reconsider and redevelop what knowledge we teach and how we teach it by incorporating sustainability and justice (e.g. Doughnut Economics) in curriculums and other learning programmes.<br />
#In economics programmes in particular, champion the need for a curriculum which includes an ecological perspective, recognising that these two concepts are intrinsically connected.<br />
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Learn about the [https://doughnuteconomics.org/ Doughnut Economics Action Lab]. Listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAz0bOtfVfE Satish Kumar] explaining the conceptual and etymological connection between economy and ecology. <br />
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''Use creative ways of making knowledge accessible''<br />
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#Experiment with new, alternative and accessible ways to create, manage and share knowledge. Use storytelling methods, visualisation and mapping (e.g. GIS), and 1-on-1 discussions as means of communicating knowledge.<br />
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Get inspired by [UrbanAPI (Interactive Analysis, Simulation and Visualisation Tools for Urban Agile Policy)|UrbanAPI].<br />
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==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
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The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] activate this key by providing multi-stakeholder platforms that operate with the aim of sharing and transferring knowledge and methods for tackling urban challenges. One example of such a method is creating [[Experimentation labs]] that focus on creating experiential environments where policy makers and citizens design, explore, experience and refine new ideas (policies, regulations, technologies etc.) in real-life scenarios. Another way to share local learning is through [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|multi-stakeholder partnerships]]. These enable (among others) climate change-related transformations through the connection of multi-sectoral networks with individuals and organisations on the ground. This approach deals with the challenge of bringing together public, private and civil society representatives in ongoing processes of communication and exchange, in order to enable innovative solutions to complex problems. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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[[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] is an essential part of learning translocallly for transformative change. This governance arrangement requires “intermediaries” to translate and enable communication (e.g., between civil society groups and governmental actors in order to realize a joint project).<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Cities learning with and from each other addresses "[[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]" as a driver of injustice. This driver refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions and their benefits is not shared effectively or equally. This is true among and across social groups, sectors or disciplines and thus constrains the potential for progress on sustainability and justice. For knowledge brokerage to not only be effective, but also inclusive and socially considerate, it needs to include and bring benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups. This key also addresses [[Unfit institutional structures]], because learning from and with other cities is an alternative to the dominant top-down and bureaucratic ways of working within cities that fail to address the realities of vulnerable residents, and challenges organizational rigidity. Because translocal learning also takes place across scales, for example between cities and central governments, this key might also help in identifying and addressing those barriers on a national level (e.g. regulations) that hamper transformative change at the city level.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*Personal and dynamic learning processes are important<br />
*It is necessary to have an intentional process that adapts knowledge to local needs, interests and capacities, ideally starting with the specific problem at hand and then searching for a possible solution elsewhere. <br />
*We need safe spaces for free communication and exchange, especially those where we can talk about failure.<br />
*Sharing lessons from failed projects, including mistakes made or obstacles faced, are a great opportunity for learning. So-called ‘sanitized stories’ and spaces that exclude this information are unhelpful.<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Cities learning from each other, translocally''<br />
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The Municipality in Transition network offers a concrete example of how cities in different countries are learning about the concept of a just transition from each other. <br />
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Municipalities in Transition was created to support citizens’ groups that want to collaborate with their local governments and to support local governments that have a difficult time building relationships with their citizens. Municipality in Transition provides a framework of change to do so. Learning happens at the local level between different actors, as well as between the municipalities involved in the network. For instance, the Italian municipalities of Valsamoggia and Santorso regularly exchange about their experiences, programs and resources – and so learn from each other. Other examples are [[Transition towns]], [[Municipalities in Transition]], and even the [[UrbanA Community of Practice]], which is behind the keys to unlock Sustainable and Just Cities. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Integrate translocal learning into funding schemes''<br />
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#Ensure that research and innovation funding schemes (e.g. in European commission and national governments) require local projects to include a strategy for translocal learning and practises for translocal knowledge-sharing. <br />
#Increase structural support for translocal learning (e.g. supporting peer-to-peer exchange with Arenas, recurring events, and platforms)<br />
#Invest in and support personal connections and long-term learning processes where open discussions about obstacles/failures can occur.<br />
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Read the [https://sustainablejustcities.eu/resources/policy-brief-translocal-learning UrbanA policy brief on translocal learning].<br />
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==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
[[File:Civil society.png|thumb|641x641px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Active residents become responsible [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|participants]] in shaping their city through [[Governance and participation processes|collaboration and participation]]. When municipalities listen to and begin to make use of tools, knowledge and experiences from civil society, [[Nature-based solutions for climate adaptation|regenerative visions]] emerge from the public realm. For example, the politics of the [[Right to housing]] can activate communities, creating a [[Culture for empowerment]]. [[Financial practices and instruments]], such as [[Participatory budgeting]] can enable communities to shape their territories, often involving very diverse and [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|disadvantaged groups]]. Cultural groups and academic groups, especially those taking part in [[Experimentation labs]], can assist and support communities to engage in [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Civil society can build sustainable and just urban communities and cities from the bottom up – but only when diverse groups [[Tap into existing community networks]] and find common ground, shared objectives and, sometimes, resources to [[Create a comprehensive vision of change]]. Key challenges here include involving more diverse communities, finding suitable ways of making decisions and working together, while celebrating small steps in the collective journey. To sustain momentum over time, such networks will need to develop [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]]. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Bridging different stakeholder groups]] allows communities to realise their visions, but care is needed to ensure decision-makers [[Commit to a meaningful participation process]].<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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The damages to urban communities caused by speculation, destructive forms of tourism, and gentrification can be countered. This works best when organized civil society actors challenge [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]] and wider political decision-making in contemporary cities. Strong for-profit forces demand [[Weak(ened) civil society]], so that the benefits they reap from [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism]] remain unchallenged. Civil society groups must counter [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. This includes cutting-edge “eco” projects, which heighten [[Material and livelihood inequalities]] and [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialised or ethnically inclusive urbanisation]] by driving out established communities in order to house new communities of wealthy elites.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*The more participatory a society is, the greater its will to combat inequalities and injustices increases, becoming a more conscious and caring community. (Rafael Calado, FabLab Lisbon)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Communities lead neighbourhood transformation, Lisbon, Portugal''<br />
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Civil society action has begun to transform the neighbourhood of Marvila in Lisbon, previously a long-neglected part of an industrial port area. <br />
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Two local actors, [https://www.facebook.com/GrupoComunitario4Crescente/ 4Crescente] - a community network of 4 neighborhoods - and a non-profit association [https://resdochao.org/en/ Rés do Chão] (Ground Floor), combined their powers in 2019 to create a community-led project [https://www.facebook.com/transformarmarvila/ Transformar Marvila com Jardim e Ciclovias] (Transforming Marvila with parks and bikeways). This project came as an alternative to the city council’s proposal for more housing blocks. The community wanted amenities such as parks, play areas, gardens and bike lanes, comparable to those found elsewhere in the city. Thanks to local community organising, an urban design project is now underway to turn seven hectares of vacant public land into a city-scale public park. Initial ideas came from the neighbourhood, limited resources came from community groups and a community representative is part of the jury to select the final project in an architectural competition.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Build capacity within local communities''<br />
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#Provide capacity building for participation and care by engaging locals in building skills within their own communities. Make use of existing skills in the community by employing Citizen Coaches to train their peers. <br />
#Provide resources which support communities to create their own solutions, alongside top-down approaches.<br />
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Get inspired by [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]], Belgium. Learn about [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset-based_community_development Asset-based community development]]. <br />
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''Provide spaces for civil society''<br />
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#Create and maintain spaces for civil society to meet and collaborate. This action can have different stakeholders and methods (e.g. repurposing obsolete spaces, urban gardens, communal dinners).<br />
#The focus of this action is on recognising physical spaces as platforms for civil actions and for positive encounters between people from different backgrounds.<br />
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Get inspired by the [[Urban Gardening Peace Project]] in Wuppertal, Germany.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4354Regenerative2022-06-23T16:13:29Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger */</p>
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'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
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==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
[[File:Regional.png|thumb|600x600px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
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The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
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One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
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Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
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#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
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Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
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''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
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#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
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Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
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''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
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#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
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Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
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==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
[[File:Art.png|thumb|639x639px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Art and culture have an important role in supporting a sustainable and just transition in cities. One potential pathway is to achieve a tangible or physical urban transformation by performing an inclusive and environmentally-friendly process of [[urban development through cultural solutions]]. Moreover, art can also be a tool to connect with traditionally excluded communities in a more creative manner, promoting collective thinking and raising awareness about justice and sustainability issues via approaches such as [[Culture for empowerment]]. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Art boosts creativity, and as such, it can be a powerful tool for visualizing an innovative desired shared future, enabling the governance arrangement of [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|“Creating a common vision for change”]]. Similarly, culture is often called the “glue” that holds people together, and therefore, intercultural dialogue can contribute to the governance arrangement of [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|“Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups”]]. <br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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[[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]] refers to the ways in which new urban developments might force trade-offs between the social and environmental goals of urban sustainability projects. These processes have been very widespread in the historic city centres. Undertaking regeneration projects that protect cultural and artistic values in their core, such as adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, not only reduces environmental impact (by saving energy and waste) but it also enhances a sense of belonging and social inclusion, respecting the heritage communities around it. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*Art and creativity play an important role in bringing people together and envisioning a more sustainable and just future.<br />
*Though music, drawing, sculpture, theatre and more, artists can influence and help people understand and engage with issues around sustainability and justice.<br />
*Art should not be used only through its creative potential and emotional aspects, but also as a pedagogical tool to bridge the gap between expert and non-expert citizens. Art can help conceptualise ideas that might otherwise be hard to communicate. <br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Greening city heritage, Bologna, Italy''<br />
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The City of Bologna has transformed Piazza Rossini, one of the squares in the historic city centre, into a permanent pedestrian area, leaving behind its former use as a parking lot. <br />
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This initiative was powered by the Municipality of Bologna, the University of Bologna and Fondazione Innovazione Urbana. The initial idea of greening Piazza Rossini in an effort to restore social and cultural values of the square emerged during the participatory laboratory “U-Lab,” attended by more than 250 participants in 2018. Based on this lab, a group of university students designed the project and a green carpet was temporarily installed during the summer of 2020. With an average daily presence of 27.000 visitors, the area serves as a gathering space. In view of the positive environmental and social impact, the municipality decided to grant a pedestrian use for Piazza Rossini. <br />
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More information available [https://rockproject.eu/news-details/189 here] and here.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Use art as a tool for participation and system change''<br />
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#Make your communication more inclusive, accessible and fun by using art-based methods. Provide these methods as an alternative or addition to verbal consultations. <br />
#Hold vision sessions on the desired change and prototype alternative futures together with the public using creative approaches such as painting, music, and sculpture, temporary installations etc. Explore powerful, art-based methods such as theatre of the oppressed, dragon dreaming etc. <br />
#Use art to make your visions more tangible for both the public and decision-makers (e.g. in artivism), and help them to imagine the change. Enable and encourage citizens to use art to express their ideas for future neighbourhoods, Art can be used to provoke discussion and to inspire action.<br />
#Hire artists as imagination facilitators and dream-catchers.<br />
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Learn more about [https://dragondreaming.org/ Dragon Dreaming] in project design, [[Culture for empowerment]], and [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
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==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]]<br />
[[File:Participation.png|thumb|642x642px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Involving people in shaping their neighbourhoods and cities comes in many forms. [[Community gardens and food|Community gardens]] allow locals to physically engage in sustainable food practices together. [[Transition towns]] and [[Experimentation labs]] centre on the idea that the capacities held in communities are a powerful source of innovation and change. [[Citizen science]] allows non-scientists to take part in scientific research, and the concept of [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] entails congregating different groups to exchange knowledge on complex urban challenges. Finally, re-distributing decision-making power through approaches like [[Participatory budgeting]] is one example of a [[Governance and participation processes|Governance and participation process]] that considers individuals’ priorities in a serious, structured way. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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This key is supported by the governance arrangement, "[[Commit to a meaningful participation process]]". Based on input from the UrbanA Community and the study of many urban initiatives, this governance arrangement describes how participation can be an integral part of collective action towards just and sustainable cities. It outlines important considerations for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives. For example, working continuously towards building trust on both sides -- on the side of community groups, and on the side of local administrations -- is a key element for meaningful (and sustained) engagement and dialogue. Municipalities partnering with trusted community organizations or local “social connectors” can build a foundation for future engagement, especially for those who speak different languages, those with little or no educational background and even young children. Check out a short explanatory video, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9gdMhQ52XA here].<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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This key is crucial to addressing [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. This driver of injustice refers to the limited involvement of citizens in decision making around the design, implementation and/or evaluation of urban sustainability-oriented interventions. Giving increased consideration of citizens’ needs and providing opportunities to actively shape initiatives can improve procedural and representational justice in urban sustainability governance. <br />
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This key is also a remedy to a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities|lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. This refers to useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions not being shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines. Ensuring access to this information in inclusive knowledge-sharing formats could give marginalised groups in particular more opportunities to take part in and benefit from urban sustainability initiatives. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“To develop shared visions, purpose, and strategies that enable projects and policy, we need to bring the whole city system into ‘the room’: including voices of residents, managers, business, and civil society”(M.Hamilton).<br />
*“By being included in decisions that affect them, participants own them and consequently solutions are more meaningful and more effectively implemented” (A. Esen).<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Participative governance mechanism, Istanbul, Turkey''<br />
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The Istanbul Municipality has established the Istanbul Planning Agency in 2020 in order to facilitate participative governance mechanisms towards the city's vision of a “green, just and creative city." <br />
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The platform allows locals to join working groups on various themes such as social life, environment, etc. The agency also acts as a facilitating body for several workshops around specific themes and interest groups, such as children-friendly cities and gender-based challenges in the context of Istanbul’s social fabric<br />
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See more [https://ipa.istanbul/ here] and [https://istanbulsenin.istanbul/ here]. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Use Citizen Assemblies in decision making''<br />
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#Citizen assemblies and panels are great tools to share power, discuss different topics and put forward citizen-led initiatives in decision-making. <br />
#Make sure that the Assembly is representative of the population concerned (e.g. whole population, marginalised groups) and that it has a genuine impact on the decisions.<br />
#Ensure commitment from decision-makers to implement outcomes.<br />
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Learn more about the [https://futureu.europa.eu/?locale=en Conference on the Future of Europe]. Get inspired by the [https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/cop26citizensassembly Glasgow Citizens' Assembly on the Climate Emergency]. See guides on how to start a local-level climate assembly, [https://www.demsoc.org/projects/scotland-climate-assembly here]. <br />
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''Improve the settings for participation''<br />
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#Ensure the safety, accessibility, and openness of the setting. The space for participation should be free of judgement, and sensitive to different opinions, cultures, and social assets.<br />
#Make participation attractive by providing funding and rewards for participation.<br />
#Create and support existing enabling community spaces and forums (e.g. sports, clubs, community centres, religious institutions.)<br />
#Organise events in accessible times and consider evenings and weekends, depending on the target group.<br />
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Find ideas and theories on the OECD webpage on [https://www.oecd.org/gov/innovative-citizen-participation.htm Innovative Citizen Participation]. Learn about the [https://transformativecities.org/ Transformative Cities People's Choice award].<br />
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==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change|#Translocal]] [[#Technology - Digital tools can serve everyone|#Technology]]<br />
[[File:Adaptation.png|thumb|600x600px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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In adaptive, experimental initiatives, extra resources are given to learning how to create more sustainable and just cities. [[Experimentation labs]] are places for testing ideas, methods and technologies to address urban challenges. [[Transition towns]] represent a community-oriented approach to experimentation where residents can build resilience and pioneer environmental, economic and social solutions. Smart Cities demonstrate a more technical approach to urban development based on data collection and analysis -- but if made accessible to all, data generated by Smart Cities initiatives can unlock creativity and experimentation in efforts of making cities more responsive to change. Many organizations may not have the willingness or capacity to undertake such experimental approaches: Nonetheless, adaptation is increasingly a part of urban societies. Harnessing nature’s intelligence through [[Nature-based solutions]] is also a smart and effective way for cities to adapt to change. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Urban adaptation can be supported by the governance arrangement, "[[Make space for adaptation and experimentation]]". Based on input from the UrbanA Community and the study of many urban initiatives, this arrangement describes how adaptation and experimentation are both essential and beneficial for initiatives working towards sustainable and just cities. It outlines, for example, how consistent reflection, learning from mistakes and allowing space for detours allows initiatives to remain resilient to and even benefit from change. <br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Embracing adaptation and experimentation may help overcome a driver of injustice that UrbanA has categorised as [[Unfit institutional structures]] (see video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CfNHtyjSMw here]). This concept refers to structures that can be found in public or private organizations that are characterized by strict, top-down governance and rigid bureaucracies. These limit knowledge generation and exchange, and often result in sustainability policies that fail to address the realities of vulnerable residents. Increased openness to adaptability allows for responsiveness to changing social and economic conditions and better positions initiatives to meet the shifting needs of those they serve. It is a counter-model to organisational rigidity, in which institutions are not willing to change their methods, metrics or objectives. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Adaptation is developed through a pathway approach, a continuously inclusive decision-making process respecting local communities’ vision for a changing future, considering scenario variations and adjusting its premises.” (J. Dinis)<br />
*“Failure is a natural part of experimentation, yet many vulnerable groups cannot afford this risk” (Arena Participant)<br />
*“Experimentation in social justice initiatives can also be a sensitive topic, since those involved already face discrimination and should not feel like they are being “experimented on.” Instead projects should create arrangements where people can adapt, learn and grow.” (Arena Participant) <br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Adaptive affordable housing initiative, Brussels, Belgium''<br />
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To address a housing affordability crisis in Brussels, Belgium, an innovative initiative called Community Land Trust Brussels has taken on the role of social real estate developer. <br />
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While they work to develop standardised procedures for their housing developments and lead participatory engagement when possible, the Land Trust team claims that it is essential to reflect upon and adapt to internal learning and external change: “We are constantly reflecting on things... For every part of the operation we regularly rethink how to do it. This happens at the level of the team, and also on the level of our working groups, partner associations, experts and other stakeholders, and the level of our board" (Interview with DePauw, 01.21). Importantly, from the beginning, the Brussels Capital Region, a major financial supporter of the Land Trust, has been responsive to the initiative’s interests, allowing it space to develop its innovative ideas.<br />
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Read more about this inspiration example [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|here]] and [https://www.cltb.be/en/ here].<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Experiment for sustainable and just cities''<br />
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#Experiment with innovative solutions when possible and review their success along the way. Don’t be afraid to abandon or adjust the experiment if necessary.<br />
#Ensure the feedback process between the project and the experiment. For example, in events, discuss processes, challenges and failures instead of outcomes.<br />
#In co-creation processes, find a balance between structure and flexibility. Impactful participation implies a possibility for change emerging from the participation process.<br />
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Learn more about the UrbanA Enabling Governance Arrangement, "[[Make space for adaptation and experimentation]]". <br />
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''Facilitate the emergence of sites of change''<br />
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#Recognise the value in vacant and obsolete spaces as sites of change. Facilitate the transformation by identifying these spaces, organising open calls, and providing support for the local communities to take over the spaces (e.g. permits, resources).<br />
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Get inspired by the [https://openheritage.eu/ OpenHeritage project] on adaptive heritage re-use best practices, and the [https://www.clicproject.eu/ CLIC project] for circular reuse of cultural heritage.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4353Caring2022-06-23T16:11:49Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action */</p>
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'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
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==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
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A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
[[File:Solidarity.png|thumb|600x600px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
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Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
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The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
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See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
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''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
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Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
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==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
[[File:Accessibility.png|thumb|614x614px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
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In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
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This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
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Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
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#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
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See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
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''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
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#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
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Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
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==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
[[File:Diversity.png|thumb|613x613px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Several approaches can activate this key to make cities more sustainable and just. To unlock the true power of diversity, we need to build [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], foster [[Democratic innovation through recognition|democratic innovation through recognition]], nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]] and [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]]. Each of these approaches provides pathways for invigorating, expanding and appreciating diversity as a necessary building block in creating resilient, just and sustainable cities.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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To justly recognize diversity, a true [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commitment to meaningful participation]] is needed. This means that inclusion is not only supported as a ‘head nod’ or in a ‘check-box’ mode, but rather that sufficient efforts go into the meaningful involvement and leadership of diverse people and collectives. It is also crucial that this applies to power structures, and is present in each step of the planning and decision-making process. This can be achieved by [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]] and [[Make space for adaptation and experimentation|making space for adaptation and experimentation]]. Another important way to facilitate diversity is by [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between different stakeholder groups]]. This means that not only is diversity acknowledged and encouraged, but that these diverse actors are brought together for meaningful collaboration, which ultimately underpins the design of holistic and intersectional solutions.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Unacknowledged #Diversity drives many forms of urban injustice and leads to [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]]. Not recognizing the diversity of citizens and their needs can lead to [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Only a city that acknowledges and addresses the diversity of its citizens and their needs at the level of local politics and praxis, can be truly just and sustainable. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“I think this key is useful as long as the protagonists participate in the process of policy-making. Creating policies for marginalised people without marginalised people has been shown to be inefficient.” (Begoña Pérez Pérez)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Celebrating diversity via food, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Graz, Austria''<br />
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In 2020 in Upper Austria, a number of participants came together for two cooking classes. However, these were not classes to teach how to make Wiener Schnitzel or apple strudel; instead, participants learned about the secrets and histories of Bosnian and Arabic foods, and co-created wonderful meals.<br />
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This is the activity that took place as part of the [http://www.urbandiversity.eu/about/ Urban Diversity project], which aims to stir the creativity and improve the economic performance of small- and medium-sized companies and enterprises led by migrant entrepreneurs in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Graz (Austria). The project highlights the presence and creativity of migrant entrepreneurs while also promoting intercultural understanding, openness and tolerance, facilitating their integration into the local community. Projects such as Diverse Cities not only promote the work of ethnically diverse individuals and enterprises, but contribute to the meaningful empowerment of individuals from varied origins, deepening and enriching the everyday representation of their cultures and histories. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Invest in proactive inclusion measures''<br />
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#Ensure that environmental planning and decision-making is accessible to all urban residents through concrete measures, e.g. accessible language and awareness-raising campaigns. <br />
#Participate in the work of the people you are working with (e.g. citizen- and community-led initiatives), and approach them, instead of expecting them to approach you first.<br />
#Involve mediators who can understand conflicts and diverging perspectives. Ensure that civil servants receive the right training.<br />
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Learn more about [https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/91909-advanced-environmental-planning university-community partnerships] that embrace participatory action research as a planning strategy. <br />
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''Identify and learn from marginalised groups''<br />
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#Identify marginalised and excluded groups, and learn from them about their needs and wishes. Attend their events in their spaces and discuss directly with them about their needs, goals and motives. Using this information, and the direct relationships, to plan together on how they can engage in the decision-making process and activities.<br />
#Cooperate with civil society organisations run by or representing marginalised groups when planning actions and activities.<br />
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Learn more about [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for the inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], and about [[Democratic innovation through recognition|Democratic innovation through recognition]]. Also learn about projects like [http://www.citispyce.eu/ CITISPYCE] which seek to engage disadvantaged and marginalised youth in European cities, and afford them greater inclusion in policy making processes.<br />
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==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
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In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential|#Adaptation]] [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]]<br />
[[File:Nature.png|thumb|710x710px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Several approaches activate this key to opening possibilities for more sustainable and just cities. To unlock the true power of nature we need to [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation|rethink governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], rely on [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]] and nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]]. Each of these approaches provides orientations, pathways and tools for invigorating, expanding and appreciating nature. They also help to conceptualise nature as inseparable from culture, environmental governance, problem-solving and comprehensive understandings of urban sustainability and justice. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Nature’s vitality and potential in urban settings are stimulated through various means: [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive visions of change]] that are broad, integrated, and work from the bottom up; commitment to a [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] that can assure that the visioning process is well informed by community aspirations and localized placemaking potential; and [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] to understand what is possible and makes the most sense in a given socio-ecological context. [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|Developing resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is also needed to assure the capacity to implement the vision.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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If integrated in an inclusive way, #Nature can help cities to overcome differentiations in [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. Urban #Nature is also crucial in dealing with [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]], particularly in the context of unquestioned neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Preventing floods with a stormwater park, Malmö, Sweden''<br />
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Inaugurated in 2020, the [[https://malmo.se/Uppleva-och-gora/Natur-och-parker/Parker-i-Malmo/Dagvattenparken.html Dagvattenparken]] (Stormwater Park) in the Hyllie district of Southern Malmö combines green and blue infrastructure in a rapidly growing city. <br />
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The park provides a stormwater reservoir for more than 6,600 m3 of water, which is much needed due to heavier rainfalls in the last few years. The scenic park, with its pedestrian and bicycle paths, a bridge to look over the treetops and meadow also serve as an oasis for the local habitants. The surrounding city is characterized by its young, diverse, multicultural and growing population, but also by its increasing densification. The rainwater park is an effort to simultaneously incorporate more nature into an urban area, manage the impacts of climate change and address equal access to nature in a dense city.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Support projects which help us think differently about our relationship with nature''<br />
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#Redefine conceptions of who and what has rights, including sentient animals and even natural features inside and outside cities to better protect and regenerate nature.<br />
#Be inspired by successful legal battles to award personhood and legal rights to national parks, rivers and other natural bodies.<br />
#Reflecting on what is indigeneous, create stories from and around natural features in the city so it belongs as an explicit part of the neighbourhoods and help the inhabitants relate to them and help them become guardians of nature.<br />
#Adopt different ways of defining, understanding and experiencing nature, with up-stream salutogenic design and attention to different and civic-based worldviews, value systems, organising ideas and mental models overcoming techno-science approaches.<br />
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Read more about [[Urban Gardening Peace Project|Wuppertal's Urban Gardening Peace Project]]. Read about debates over the [https://duncan-crowley.medium.com/ag-si%C3%BAl-go-dt%C3%AD-an-tsaoil-le-aoibhneas-47e9ee042ed7 meaning of indigeneity] in the modern world. Listen to the [https://podcastaddict.com/episode/62649421 Designers of Paradise podcast] on initiatives experimenting with agricultural approaches to natural restoration. <br />
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''Harness the potential of nature-based solutions for justice''<br />
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#Foster nature-based solutions (NBS) which can, in addition to technical innovations, strengthen access to nature and ecosystem services. Reflect and invest in the social benefits of NBS.<br />
#Limit heat stress, Improve water quality and reduce flooding by using green roofs,city parks and natural stormwater management systems . <br />
#Ensure that nature-based solutions and the unique cultural characteristics of neighbourhoods go hand-in-hand while preventing green gentrification.<br />
#Provide multi-functional green spaces which support both the adaptation to climate change and sports and recreation. These spaces are also important for local community-building and increase the attractiveness of the neighbourhood.<br />
#Protect against so-called “Green gentrification” by ensuring that the benefits of NBS are distributed across society.<br />
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Learn more about [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]]. Read about projects like [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/ GreenLULUs] on the distribution of urban greening benefits. <br />
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''Foster urban biodiversity using mapping tools''<br />
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#Gather high-quality data by mapping and analysing the accessibility and quality of green spaces using GIS tools and participatory crowdsourcing and mapping. <br />
#Commit to address biodiversity imbalances, use funding and regulations as tools for fostering urban and biodiverse nature.<br />
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Get inspired by [https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2020-08-05-in-south-africa-access-to-urban-green-areas-remains-a-white-privilege.html Mapping access to green spaces] in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4352Caring2022-06-23T16:11:04Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action */</p>
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'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
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==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
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A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
[[File:Solidarity.png|thumb|600x600px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
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Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
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The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
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See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
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''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
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Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
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==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
[[File:Accessibility.png|thumb|614x614px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
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In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
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This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
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Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
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#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
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See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
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''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
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#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
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Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
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==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Several approaches can activate this key to make cities more sustainable and just. To unlock the true power of diversity, we need to build [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], foster [[Democratic innovation through recognition|democratic innovation through recognition]], nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]] and [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]]. Each of these approaches provides pathways for invigorating, expanding and appreciating diversity as a necessary building block in creating resilient, just and sustainable cities.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
To justly recognize diversity, a true [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commitment to meaningful participation]] is needed. This means that inclusion is not only supported as a ‘head nod’ or in a ‘check-box’ mode, but rather that sufficient efforts go into the meaningful involvement and leadership of diverse people and collectives. It is also crucial that this applies to power structures, and is present in each step of the planning and decision-making process. This can be achieved by [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]] and [[Make space for adaptation and experimentation|making space for adaptation and experimentation]]. Another important way to facilitate diversity is by [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between different stakeholder groups]]. This means that not only is diversity acknowledged and encouraged, but that these diverse actors are brought together for meaningful collaboration, which ultimately underpins the design of holistic and intersectional solutions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Unacknowledged #Diversity drives many forms of urban injustice and leads to [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]]. Not recognizing the diversity of citizens and their needs can lead to [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Only a city that acknowledges and addresses the diversity of its citizens and their needs at the level of local politics and praxis, can be truly just and sustainable. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“I think this key is useful as long as the protagonists participate in the process of policy-making. Creating policies for marginalised people without marginalised people has been shown to be inefficient.” (Begoña Pérez Pérez)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Celebrating diversity via food, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Graz, Austria''<br />
<br />
In 2020 in Upper Austria, a number of participants came together for two cooking classes. However, these were not classes to teach how to make Wiener Schnitzel or apple strudel; instead, participants learned about the secrets and histories of Bosnian and Arabic foods, and co-created wonderful meals.<br />
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This is the activity that took place as part of the [http://www.urbandiversity.eu/about/ Urban Diversity project], which aims to stir the creativity and improve the economic performance of small- and medium-sized companies and enterprises led by migrant entrepreneurs in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Graz (Austria). The project highlights the presence and creativity of migrant entrepreneurs while also promoting intercultural understanding, openness and tolerance, facilitating their integration into the local community. Projects such as Diverse Cities not only promote the work of ethnically diverse individuals and enterprises, but contribute to the meaningful empowerment of individuals from varied origins, deepening and enriching the everyday representation of their cultures and histories. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Invest in proactive inclusion measures''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that environmental planning and decision-making is accessible to all urban residents through concrete measures, e.g. accessible language and awareness-raising campaigns. <br />
#Participate in the work of the people you are working with (e.g. citizen- and community-led initiatives), and approach them, instead of expecting them to approach you first.<br />
#Involve mediators who can understand conflicts and diverging perspectives. Ensure that civil servants receive the right training.<br />
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Learn more about [https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/91909-advanced-environmental-planning university-community partnerships] that embrace participatory action research as a planning strategy. <br />
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''Identify and learn from marginalised groups''<br />
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#Identify marginalised and excluded groups, and learn from them about their needs and wishes. Attend their events in their spaces and discuss directly with them about their needs, goals and motives. Using this information, and the direct relationships, to plan together on how they can engage in the decision-making process and activities.<br />
#Cooperate with civil society organisations run by or representing marginalised groups when planning actions and activities.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for the inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], and about [[Democratic innovation through recognition|Democratic innovation through recognition]]. Also learn about projects like [http://www.citispyce.eu/ CITISPYCE] which seek to engage disadvantaged and marginalised youth in European cities, and afford them greater inclusion in policy making processes.<br />
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==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
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In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential|#Adaptation]] [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Several approaches activate this key to opening possibilities for more sustainable and just cities. To unlock the true power of nature we need to [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation|rethink governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], rely on [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]] and nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]]. Each of these approaches provides orientations, pathways and tools for invigorating, expanding and appreciating nature. They also help to conceptualise nature as inseparable from culture, environmental governance, problem-solving and comprehensive understandings of urban sustainability and justice. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Nature’s vitality and potential in urban settings are stimulated through various means: [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive visions of change]] that are broad, integrated, and work from the bottom up; commitment to a [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] that can assure that the visioning process is well informed by community aspirations and localized placemaking potential; and [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] to understand what is possible and makes the most sense in a given socio-ecological context. [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|Developing resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is also needed to assure the capacity to implement the vision.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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If integrated in an inclusive way, #Nature can help cities to overcome differentiations in [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. Urban #Nature is also crucial in dealing with [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]], particularly in the context of unquestioned neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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n/a<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Preventing floods with a stormwater park, Malmö, Sweden''<br />
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Inaugurated in 2020, the [[https://malmo.se/Uppleva-och-gora/Natur-och-parker/Parker-i-Malmo/Dagvattenparken.html Dagvattenparken]] (Stormwater Park) in the Hyllie district of Southern Malmö combines green and blue infrastructure in a rapidly growing city. <br />
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The park provides a stormwater reservoir for more than 6,600 m3 of water, which is much needed due to heavier rainfalls in the last few years. The scenic park, with its pedestrian and bicycle paths, a bridge to look over the treetops and meadow also serve as an oasis for the local habitants. The surrounding city is characterized by its young, diverse, multicultural and growing population, but also by its increasing densification. The rainwater park is an effort to simultaneously incorporate more nature into an urban area, manage the impacts of climate change and address equal access to nature in a dense city.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Support projects which help us think differently about our relationship with nature''<br />
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#Redefine conceptions of who and what has rights, including sentient animals and even natural features inside and outside cities to better protect and regenerate nature.<br />
#Be inspired by successful legal battles to award personhood and legal rights to national parks, rivers and other natural bodies.<br />
#Reflecting on what is indigeneous, create stories from and around natural features in the city so it belongs as an explicit part of the neighbourhoods and help the inhabitants relate to them and help them become guardians of nature.<br />
#Adopt different ways of defining, understanding and experiencing nature, with up-stream salutogenic design and attention to different and civic-based worldviews, value systems, organising ideas and mental models overcoming techno-science approaches.<br />
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Read more about [[Urban Gardening Peace Project|Wuppertal's Urban Gardening Peace Project]]. Read about debates over the [https://duncan-crowley.medium.com/ag-si%C3%BAl-go-dt%C3%AD-an-tsaoil-le-aoibhneas-47e9ee042ed7 meaning of indigeneity] in the modern world. Listen to the [https://podcastaddict.com/episode/62649421 Designers of Paradise podcast] on initiatives experimenting with agricultural approaches to natural restoration. <br />
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''Harness the potential of nature-based solutions for justice''<br />
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#Foster nature-based solutions (NBS) which can, in addition to technical innovations, strengthen access to nature and ecosystem services. Reflect and invest in the social benefits of NBS.<br />
#Limit heat stress, Improve water quality and reduce flooding by using green roofs,city parks and natural stormwater management systems . <br />
#Ensure that nature-based solutions and the unique cultural characteristics of neighbourhoods go hand-in-hand while preventing green gentrification.<br />
#Provide multi-functional green spaces which support both the adaptation to climate change and sports and recreation. These spaces are also important for local community-building and increase the attractiveness of the neighbourhood.<br />
#Protect against so-called “Green gentrification” by ensuring that the benefits of NBS are distributed across society.<br />
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Learn more about [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]]. Read about projects like [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/ GreenLULUs] on the distribution of urban greening benefits. <br />
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''Foster urban biodiversity using mapping tools''<br />
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#Gather high-quality data by mapping and analysing the accessibility and quality of green spaces using GIS tools and participatory crowdsourcing and mapping. <br />
#Commit to address biodiversity imbalances, use funding and regulations as tools for fostering urban and biodiverse nature.<br />
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Get inspired by [https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2020-08-05-in-south-africa-access-to-urban-green-areas-remains-a-white-privilege.html Mapping access to green spaces] in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Honest&diff=4351Honest2022-06-23T16:02:30Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability */</p>
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<div><br />
'''Discover 5 keys to make cities honest:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmIyioxARnc&t=1s</embedvideo><br />
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==#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability==<br />
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EU research agendas are steered to investigate how cities can achieve social and environmental sustainability in a just, inclusive and equitable way. Research stems from the concerns and needs of inhabitants in urban contexts and does not impose concepts, practices or blueprints. EU-funded projects aimed at improving urban planning in the field of sustainability have clear justice incentives, address the needs of vulnerable groups and include their voices in the research process, as well as its outcomes and impacts. <br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]]<br />
[[File:Research and Innovation.png|thumb|610x610px]]<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Research funding should encourage new research objectives, tools, and pathways to fully examine the extent to which historically marginalised groups are exposed to longstanding exclusion or inequality. Funding schemes should give space for exploring bolder pathways to just and sustainable cities, including alternative economic models, land arrangements or urban development strategies. Some of the approaches identified by UrbanA that could contribute to such a direction would be the broader embracement of [[Citizen science|citizen science]] in EU-supported research projects, and [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|co-learning and knowledge brokerage processes]].<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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More interdisciplinary dialogue is needed if justice is to be given due consideration in policy and funding schemes. This requires a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that assists policy makers, municipal technicians, civil society organizations and other urban governance actors to draw links between different aspects and scales of sustainability policy -- from biophysical processes to issues of identity, culture and social justice. <br />
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Efforts to strengthen transdisciplinarity in urban sustainability research require work to acknowledge and involve non-academic actors as holders of vital expertise. But doing this crucial work opens up more opportunities to embody justice in the research process. In this sense, other supportive governance arrangements could include [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to meaningful participation processes]] and [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]]. <br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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It is often the case that projects of research and implementation on urban sustainability engage with the notion of justice only superficially or mechanistically, for example through loosely defined concepts such as ‘social cohesion,’ ‘diversity’ or ‘participation.’ Instead, justice needs to be understood and studied in its many facets: It has (among others) material, historical and symbolic dimensions. What is often falsely assumed in sustainability research is that justice will automatically trickle down from sustainability interventions into local contexts. But this fails to consider the ongoing effects of perpetuated exclusion and inequality. A [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|problematic and limited engagement with the concept of participation in urban planning and sustainability projects]] can exacerbate, rather than alleviate inequalities. <br />
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Moreover, there is often a [[lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities|Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]; access to useful information and know-how produced by academics around sustainable urban interventions is not shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines. To overlook this gap constrains the potential for meaningful work towards sustainability and justice. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*EU research and innovation focusing on the local level should better respond to inhabitants’ needs, rather than answering questions unrelated to their concerns.<br />
*Guidelines for funding should be co-designed with marginalised groups and/or marginalised groups’ representatives.<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Research supports intersectionality, Barcelona''<br />
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In Barcelona, the City Council has initiated an effort to address the question of civil participation and intersectional inequities in urban planning by awarding a prize to research projects with a community and ecofeminist perspective.<br />
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In 2019, this award went to a project with the title [https://www.barcelona.cat/en/noticia/a-project-on-climate-shelters-and-care-wins-the-maria-aurelia-capmany-8-march-award_924477 “Network of climate and care shelters from a community and ecofeminist perspective,”] which co-designs urban climate shelters in under-served neighborhoods, actively involving immigrant women residents. By recognizing the value of intersectional projects with a gender perspective and women acting as change-makers, Barcelona is exemplifying one way through which research can support sustainable and just urbanism. In Barcelona, this research is part of a wider effort to tackle the climate emergency – while leading with an ecofeminist focus. <br />
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A video that summarizes this initiative is available [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnTLxPlxqSY&t=5s here].<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Use projects to promote transdisciplinary learning''<br />
#Recognise and use research and innovation projects (e.g. EU-funded ones) as opportunities to foster transdisciplinary learning and break silos across environmental, social, economic and political spheres.<br />
#Build on pre-existing projects by taking stock and planning ways to keep using available project outputs.<br />
#Remember to integrate a transdisciplinary approach in your communication by using non-discipline-specific language and accessible communication channels, for example. Provide possibilities for discussing the different perspectives to approach the topic of interest (e.g. joint events and publications).<br />
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Read more about the [https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic/ZmZOWjUyYXRiakJYSTAySDZpamZkTUtTN2ozZmxrb01NVTgyOXVnMDlkUVdWMTZYWjFrakRRPT0=/attachment/VFEyQTQ4M3ptUWZHdmxvb3dmRlBmb004TXZleHo0V1g= UrbanA team's work to map and analyse EU-funded projects] relating to urban sustainability and injustice.<br />
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==#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment==<br />
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The economy of a sustainable and just city focuses on the creation of social, cultural, ecological and other forms of value that benefit people from all walks of life. The inclusive and fair allocation of resources ensures an economy that works for the common good. Production and consumption are organised so as to minimise negative externalities, cultivate non-consumerist values and reduce unnecessary demand. City-makers challenge inherited neoliberal narratives that overemphasize GDP growth, and are open to post-growth and post-capitalist approaches. This openness facilitates experimentation with socially and environmentally innovative concepts such as regeneration, care, sharing and solidarity.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Finance - We need new ways of funding|#Finance]]<br />
[[File:Economy.png|thumb|600x600px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Creating new urban economies that serve human needs requires [[Beyond GDP indicators|alternative economic approaches and indicators]] that go beyond the current outsized focus on GDP growth. Research fields such as [[Degrowth movement|Degrowth]] show growth-based economics to be incompatible with sustainability, justice and economic democracy. Existing efforts to put this into practice include Transition initiatives, in which communities come together to remodel their local economies; ecovillages guided by a whole-systems approach that treats economic, ecological, social and cultural dimensions as interdependent; and numerous forms of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|urban commons]]. All such initiatives emphasise [[Governance and participation processes|participation]], [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|inclusion]] and [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|partnership]] as key foundations of a sustainable and just economy.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Sustainable and just urban economies can only be built from the bottom up. This requires existing decision-makers to [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commit to a meaningful participation process]]. Such processes need to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]] in order to draw on the needs, perspectives, knowledge and skills that already exist. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Bridging different stakeholder groups]] brings diverse interests and perspectives into dialogue, recognising and addressing conflicts and perhaps identifying unexpected opportunities for collaboration. All these governance arrangements support the inclusive dialogue necessary to create a pluralistic economy; one rooted in sustainability and justice as core principles, rather than secondary concerns.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Alternative city economies based on sustainability and justice directly challenge the [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|unquestioned focus on neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism]]: They do so by actively recognising that economic priorities should reflect the sustainable provision of human needs rather than uphold unequal and unsustainable systems and power structures. An inclusive urban economy can be an antidote to material and livelihood inequalities and racialised or ethnically exclusive urbanisation. It also simultaneously requires and strengthens civil society participation, and so can help address weakened civil society, in both the short and long term. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community''' <br />
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*"What we need in order to address the world’s big problems is more than incremental change to the status quo: It will require nothing less than a radical disruption of economic dogma."<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Social Solidarity Economy, Barcelona''<br />
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The social solidarity economy (SSE) in Barcelona draws on long-standing traditions of collaboration, mutual aid, commoning and cooperativism, and is an important force for economic transformation in the city and [https://pamapam.org/ca/ across Catalunya].<br />
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A 2016 study reported a total of 4,718 separate socio-economic initiatives dedicated to a more equitable and sustainable economy in the city, many of which are actively networked at neighbourhood, city and regional scales. Against a background of rising unemployment in the city, employment in workers’ cooperatives rose by more than half between 2009 and 2014. Support from Barcelona's municipal government has accelerated since the citizens' movement [https://barcelonaencomu.cat/ Barcelona En Comú] came to power in 2015. A dedicated [https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/economia-social-solidaria/en Impulse Plan] includes targeted financial support for new SSE projects and pays particular attention to [http://www.bcnuej.org/2019/07/25/what-barcelonas-social-and-solidarity-economy-can-tell-us-about-building-equitable-cities/ addressing structural inequalities]. The city administration has also taken action against corporate dominance of key sectors such as [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/tc-barcelona-housing-bcomu/ water and housing], including efforts toward the [https://www.elsaltodiario.com/energias-renovables/barcelona-acelera-hacia-el-cambio-de-modelo-energetico remunicipalisation of energy services].<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Enable cross-economic dialogue and knowledge sharing''<br />
#Participate in, support and encourage dialogue between different, locally grounded businesses, community, and government actors which bring in alternative motivations and approaches to economic activities.<br />
#Include a diversity of economic actors in your projects and institutional processes (e.g. discussing the local economic development strategies).<br />
#Also include activists and other interest-groups who can challenge the dominant approaches on economic development and provide alternatives (e.g. green growth, blue growth, degrowth).<br />
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''Align your activities with goals related to justice and sustainability''<br />
#Align your activities with initiatives that question GDP and economic profit as (the only) measures of value. When planning activities and objectives, consider other aspects of value, such as environmental and social metrics - care, regeneration, solidarity, etc.<br />
#Support private sector opportunities, and private/public collaboration, in justice and sustainability (e.g. social innovations) by providing funding and suitable regulatory frameworks.<br />
#Push for and adopt equitable and transparent taxation, income and employment models, which support both social justice and environmental sustainability (e.g. environmental taxes). <br />
#Adopt and support innovative economic initiatives (e.g. community currencies, timebanking) which prioritise community-building and solidarity over economic profit.<br />
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Check out [[Beyond GDP indicators|Beyond GDP indicators]]. And check out the [https://brixtonpound.org/ Brixton Pound] as an example of community currency.<br />
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==#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures==<br />
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In a sustainable and just city, harmful power relations are addressed for systematic and transformative change to take place. Power relations characterized by inequality, exclusion, exploitation and extractivism are acknowledged and questioned. People have the transformative capacity to challenge, alter and replace existing power relations. Transforming power is about dismantling existing structures and creating alternative practices while also being critical and transparent about new power dynamics that emerge. <br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change|#Translocal]]<br />
[[File:Power.png|thumb|599x599px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Besides the approach of [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]] mentioned below, transformative power can be exercised through approaches that focus on exercising “prefigurative power.” This takes the form of developing alternative ways of doing, thinking and organizing that are more fair and equitable, such as [[Crowdsourcing|crowdsourcing]], [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]], [[Co-working spaces|co-working spaces]], [[Digital fabrication|digital fabrication]], [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|cooperatives, urban commons and sharing initiatives]]. These approaches show that alternative ways of organizing are not only possible, but that they already exist and may help to make existing unsustainable and unjust structures obsolete. Other approaches are more explicitly focused on countervailing power, in other words, challenging and dismantling problematic power inequalities. This includes efforts such as the right to housing movement and civil disobedience initiatives. It is often the combination of different and intersectional approaches, and the strategic collaboration and complementarity between them, that can empower citizens to exercise transformative power. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Governance, by definition, is inherently connected to power. All six governance arrangements identified by UrbanA can help to shift power relations, while at the same time, also involve new problematic power dynamics. The three most important governance arrangement for enabling transformative power are: [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups]], [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|Develop resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]], and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Commit to a meaningful participation process]]. <br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Injustice ultimately manifests in terms of power relations, meaning that the issue of power is inherent to the concept of injustice. [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|Limited citizen participation in urban planning]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|Weakened civil society]], for instance, are related to unequal power relations between citizens and civil society actors on the one hand, and policy-makers and commercial parties on the other hand. Many drivers of injustice, like [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]], [[Material and livelihood inequalities|material and livelihood inequalities]], [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]] as well as [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]], result from a structural and historical legacy of power asymmetries. This manifests across class, ethnicity, gender and generation. All drivers of injustice require us to recognize uneven power relations and make a commitment to changing those power relations.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*n/a<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Participatory budgeting to re-distribute power, Amsterdam''<br />
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Participatory budgeting is a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. It has the potential to “give people real power over real money” and provide opportunities for experimentation in cities around the world. <br />
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In Amsterdam (The Netherlands), for instance, [http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/resource-hub/oidp-network-international-observatory-of-participatory-democracy Participatory Budgeting is implemented in the Indische Buurt neighbourhood]. The City and a citizens’ initiative collaborated to make the municipal budget more transparent, the municipality more accountable and the public budget better aligned with the needs and ideas of residents. Participatory budgeting has the potential to challenge existing power between residents and local governments by empowering residents to (1) hold the municipality accountable for expenditures, while also (2) influencing how their neighbourhood is developed. In this way, participatory budgeting has the potential to shift decision-making power for municipal budget allocation, engaging hitherto neglected residents in this process. There is also mutual learning as residents understand more about the budget and budgeting process, and municipalities learn more about residents' concerns and issues.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Institutionalise critical reflections on power''<br />
#Build in processes for consistent, critical reflection on power at the level of groups and organisations by bringing the analysis of power dynamics and tools for distributing power more equally in decision-making and planning processes. <br />
#Conduct power audits and transparency reports, start a position for equity (e.g. gender equality officer, diversity officer) with appropriate funding, organise training activities around topics related to power (e.g. race, class, gender) and provide safe spaces for uncomfortable discussions about pre-existing and newly emerging injustices.<br />
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Learn more about Gender budgeting for mainstreaming gender in budgetary processes [https://www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/gender-budgeting.htm here].<br />
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''Make power imbalances visible and talk about them''<br />
#Visualise how people’s actions are changing the power dynamics in the organisation, community, and so forth. For example, power charts could be a useful resource for groups organising for change to target the actions and monitor their impact.<br />
#Organise “Power Literacy Labs” to empower people to discuss concepts of power in an accessible language and overcome issues of injustice. The labs can be arranged in diverse locations as pop-ups across the city.<br />
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Get inspired by the [https://medium.com/urban-arenas-for-sustainable-and-just-cities/3-innovative-initiatives-to-advance-justice-in-your-city-266bb3adae2 Power Literacy Lab], as discussed in the fourth Urban Arena Event.<br />
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==#Technology - Digital tools can serve everyone==<br />
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In sustainable and just cities, digital technologies contribute first and foremost to environmental sustainability and human wellbeing. They provide the means of including people in deliberative and participatory decision-making processes, and support the adoption of sustainable consumption and production practices. Ethical artificial intelligence, open data and open source tools and standards can all support digitalization for sustainable and just cities.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Finance - We need new ways of funding|#Finance]] [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
[[File:Technology.png|thumb|618x618px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Around the world, [[Experimentation labs|experimentation labs]], employed as an approach to sustainable and just cities, are giving more and more people the opportunity to use and own digital devices. Fab Labs, for instance, are making [[Digital fabrication|digital fabrication]] accessible to all. <br />
In the digital sphere, although the use of data on the internet is often contested, [[Data collection|ethical data collection]] can boost sustainability and social justice. The internet has also allowed small-scale and community initiatives for sustainability and justice to get started, thanks to funding generated by and collected via [[Crowdsourcing|crowdsourcing]]. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Digital technologies strongly rely on the production and consumption of services and products. For this reason, to put ‘digital tools at everyone’s service’ we need [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]].<br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Making digital technology accessible to everyone directly addresses the injustice around [[Material and livelihood inequalities|material and livelihood inequality]], according to which economic resources in the context of sustainability are distributed unequally. This has been addressed in the context of Smart Cities, where sustainability is pursued through digital technologies which are often too expensive and only present in the richer areas of cities. This links to injustices in access to [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities|effective knowledge]] to operate certain technology and digital tools, thereby constraining the potential for forward movement on sustainability and justice.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Tech tools in the hands of citizens can be a gamechanger, as a way to reduce costs, enhance productivity, making repetitive tasks a breeze, prototypes in a blink of an eye.” (Rafel Caledo)<br />
*Green technology and digitalisation will help the ecological transition but should not be seen as the only solution to the ecological crisis <br />
*Although technological tools contribute to make cities just and sustainable, we need to stay critical about how these tools were built, with what kind of labour, and what kind of material (working conditions, rare material, impact of extractivism, disposal circle…) <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Alba Iulia’s strategic approach to Smart Cities, Alba Iulia (Romania)''<br />
<br />
The historical city of Alba Iulia is Romania’s forerunner in using ICT-technology and data to tackle challenges of social, economic and environmental sustainability.<br />
<br />
The city started to implement their [https://sustainablecities.eu/transformative-actions-database/?c=search&action_id=ixgrulm3 Smart City strategy in 2018] and the initiative has provided leverage for the advancement of diverse intelligent innovations. The numerous smart city projects include intelligent public lighting systems, car sharing, sensor networks, e-health solutions, e-governance and a wide network of free and secured Wi-Fi. The accessible internet has also supported the digitalization of government services and dialogue between the city and its citizens, who can now receive information about the city and report issues using the SmartAlert application.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Support digital literacy''<br />
#Provide training for citizens in digital skills. Recognise the power and skills of civil society and employ Citizen Coaches to train people in their own community.<br />
#Be mindful about digital inequality by providing technical support, alternative and complementary participation methods, and by providing (shared) ICT-devices.<br />
#Engage with critiques of “smart city” narratives and advocate for technological approaches which are publicly accessible and accountable, and do not concentrate power and data in the hands of a few private companies.<br />
#Learn about digital fabrication and FabLabs as a form of empowering community good.<br />
<br />
See [https://www.btc.si/en/press-releases/2017/11/simbioza-btc-city-lab-door-to-information-society-for-seniors/ Simbioza Lab] as an example of an initiative supporting senior citizens in adopting new technologies by providing training and supporting in accessing job opportunitites. <br />
Read about the [https://www.tendencias.kpmg.es/2017/10/manuela-carmena-nuestra-vision-de-ciudad-inteligente-refuerza-la-participacion-de-los-ciudadanos-la-gestion-transparente-y-la-calidad-de-vida/ popular movement in Madrid, pushing for a "non-neo-liberal smart city"], centred around openness, democratic participation and a clear policy that data generated from public services remains publicly owned. <br />
[https://www.fablabs.io/labs/fablablisboa FabLab Lisboa] serves as a truly inclusive community centre built around the sharing of knowledge to reduce waste and bringing production back into cities. <br />
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''Provide platforms for citizen-led initiatives''<br />
#Develop and maintain open digital platforms that support citizen-led initiatives and allow them to promote and discover projects and network with other actors.<br />
#Support citizen-led initiatives by making practical advice and resources for implementation easily accessible.<br />
#Recognise the value of such platforms as forms of 21st Century commons - a feature of conscious activism to promote sustainability and social justice, and help envision alternatives to state and market systems.<br />
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See [https://www.decidim.barcelona/ Decidim Barcelona] as an example of a digital citizen engagement platform.<br />
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==#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable==<br />
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In creating sustainable and just cities, everyone has a role to play, as well as the responsibility to speak out and act upon current injustices and unsustainable practices, even if individual actions must ultimately be connected to systemic efforts. As such, responsibility is shared by all actors – to the best of their varying capabilities – in a city and beyond its boundaries. Local authorities recognise the significant contribution that community-led initiatives make to achieving the city’s sustainability and justice goals, without co-opting them. Local authorities also protect all citizens from exposure to pollution and climate risks. They recognize citizens’ claims of harm and assist victims of pollution. In short, in the quest for a sustainable and just city, city-makers are aware of and are committed to their responsibilities, while keeping an eye to broader systems change.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
[[File:Responsability.png|thumb|600x600px]]<br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Shared responsibility can be stimulated by [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]] to search for similar needs, interests and goals across different stakeholders in the city. In such processes [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] in public settings are central in making responsibilities explicit and improving accountability. [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|Sharing initiatives and cooperatives for urban commons]] can encourage a sense of collective responsibility for certain urban resources and facilities. [[Financial practices and instruments|Financial practices and instruments]] can be used to stimulate -- or even force -- certain actors to take responsibility for unjust and/or unsustainable practices in cities.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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[[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of sustainable and just change]] in a city can entice different stakeholders to take (more) responsibility for certain challenges and public resources. Intermediaries can play a crucial role in this; for example, [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] and finding common ground in achieving a more just and sustainable city.<br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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[[Unfit institutional structures|Unfit institutional structures]] can hamper the distribution of responsibilities as well as accountability for past, current and future missteps. Poorly coordinated policy and ineffective decision making can be seen as a result of avoiding responsibility. Also, a [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]] can be seen as a threat to a more balanced playing field, in terms of power relations between informal and formal, public and private, and profit and non-profit actors. This level playing field can be further eroded by a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities|lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] between such actors in confronting urban sustainability challenges. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“To say you believe and not act is hypocritical. Believing in peace requires our personal hands-on responsibility for the peace of our very surroundings.”<br />
*“Responsibility is a key factor to make possible an effective fight against climate change and its effects in urban settlements.”<br />
*“We need, all together, to develop a common language and to practice multidisciplinarity. This would be a remarkable responsibility from my point of view.”<br />
*“I think that talking about responsibility is key for achieving a sustainable and just city, my concern would be connected to the boundaries of the action. A responsible action for your city can lead to unsustainable situations somewhere else (promoting green-washing and rebound effects outside the city) and that should raise some warnings.”<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Peace Garden, Wuppertal, Germany''<br />
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The [http://www.wuppertals-urbane-gaerten.de/ Peace Garden Wuppertal] (Germany) was initiated in 2020 and is a place where all people in Wuppertal are welcome to grow, eat and share healthy food and enjoy nature.<br />
<br />
Access to an affordable, acceptable and healthy diet throughout one's life are central premises of the initiative. Addressing food poverty and health inequities is part of the collective work that was foundational to the garden. Using peace-building methods leads to collaborative and inclusive solutions and contributes to a shared responsibility and sense of stewardship for urban life, particularly in the garden. The garden is an example of hands-on responsibility as a vehicle for change and enhanced well-being.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Integrate justice and sustainability in codes of conduct''<br />
#Create policies and codes of conduct that explicitly mainstream justice, by emphasising transparency, accountability and social responsibility. These are important tools for embedding justice and sustainability within your organisation’s culture.<br />
#Lead by example by putting your organisation’s policies and code of conduct in practice and by providing relevant training.<br />
<br />
See this list of [https://ec.europa.eu/info/making-socially-responsible-procurement-work-71-good-practice-cases_en 71 good practice cases] where public buyers in the EU have implemented socially responsible public procurement in specific sectors. <br />
[https://www.youtube.com/hashtag/webuysocialeu As examples from this list, watch these videos] on how public procurement can be used to help social enterprises that employ people with dissabilities, protect workers' rights by ensuring ethical and transparent supply chains, or promote gender equality.<br />
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''Involve impacted communities in decision-making''<br />
#Enable citizens, grassroots organisations and other stakeholders to take part in decision-making processes and to actively engage to co-create transformative actions. <br />
#Communicate the expected group-specific impact transparently in order to encourage impacted stakeholders to participate. This responsibility is especially important in cases which primarily concern that particular social group.<br />
#Create a political body to represent the interests of different social groups to the city council (e.g. Migrant Council, Youth Council, Council For Persons With Disabilities).<br />
<br />
The [https://migrantenbeirat-freiburg.de/ Migrant Council in Freiburg] is an example of an initiative targeting a particularly underrepresented social group. <br />
[https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Dealing_flexibly_with_and_learning_from_resistance_in_Barcelona#c.29_Actor_constellations Barcelona's approach to public participation during the establishment of its 'Superblocks'] became increasingly open and informal, as resistance in some neighbourhoods led to adaptation of the participation process. <br />
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''Create moments and spaces for trust-building''<br />
#As a local government actor, create and facilitate accessible spaces for different actors to meet, build trust and solve common issues. Citizen assemblies and forums, community hearings etc.<br />
#Commit to addressing concerns that are raised in these spaces. The trust between residents and local government gets broken when the outcomes of these processes are ignored.<br />
<br />
Learn about the [https://informedcities.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/projects/InContext/D5.3_Out_of_the_townhall-final.pdf 'Out of Town Hall' approach] which supports local governments in engaging actively with local governments.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Translocal.png&diff=4350File:Translocal.png2022-06-23T15:53:55Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Technology.png&diff=4349File:Technology.png2022-06-23T15:53:28Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Solidarity.png&diff=4348File:Solidarity.png2022-06-23T15:53:02Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Responsability.png&diff=4347File:Responsability.png2022-06-23T15:52:39Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Research_and_Innovation.png&diff=4346File:Research and Innovation.png2022-06-23T15:52:05Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Regional.png&diff=4345File:Regional.png2022-06-23T15:51:33Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Power.png&diff=4344File:Power.png2022-06-23T15:51:04Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Participation.png&diff=4343File:Participation.png2022-06-23T15:50:39Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Nature.png&diff=4342File:Nature.png2022-06-23T15:50:09Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Knowledge.png&diff=4341File:Knowledge.png2022-06-23T15:49:46Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Finance.png&diff=4340File:Finance.png2022-06-23T15:49:21Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Economy.png&diff=4339File:Economy.png2022-06-23T15:48:50Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Diversity.png&diff=4338File:Diversity.png2022-06-23T15:48:10Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Civil_society.png&diff=4337File:Civil society.png2022-06-23T15:47:21Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Art.png&diff=4336File:Art.png2022-06-23T15:43:33Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Adaptation.png&diff=4335File:Adaptation.png2022-06-23T15:42:52Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4334Caring2022-06-23T15:42:19Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Accessibility - Green is for everyone */</p>
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<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
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==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
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A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
<br />
Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
<br />
The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
<br />
See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
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''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
<br />
Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
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==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
[[File:Accessibility.png|thumb|614x614px]]<br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
<br />
In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
<br />
This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
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Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
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<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
<br />
#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
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See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
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''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
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#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
<br />
Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
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==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Several approaches can activate this key to make cities more sustainable and just. To unlock the true power of diversity, we need to build [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], foster [[Democratic innovation through recognition|democratic innovation through recognition]], nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]] and [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]]. Each of these approaches provides pathways for invigorating, expanding and appreciating diversity as a necessary building block in creating resilient, just and sustainable cities.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
To justly recognize diversity, a true [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commitment to meaningful participation]] is needed. This means that inclusion is not only supported as a ‘head nod’ or in a ‘check-box’ mode, but rather that sufficient efforts go into the meaningful involvement and leadership of diverse people and collectives. It is also crucial that this applies to power structures, and is present in each step of the planning and decision-making process. This can be achieved by [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]] and [[Make space for adaptation and experimentation|making space for adaptation and experimentation]]. Another important way to facilitate diversity is by [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between different stakeholder groups]]. This means that not only is diversity acknowledged and encouraged, but that these diverse actors are brought together for meaningful collaboration, which ultimately underpins the design of holistic and intersectional solutions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Unacknowledged #Diversity drives many forms of urban injustice and leads to [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]]. Not recognizing the diversity of citizens and their needs can lead to [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Only a city that acknowledges and addresses the diversity of its citizens and their needs at the level of local politics and praxis, can be truly just and sustainable. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“I think this key is useful as long as the protagonists participate in the process of policy-making. Creating policies for marginalised people without marginalised people has been shown to be inefficient.” (Begoña Pérez Pérez)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Celebrating diversity via food, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Graz, Austria''<br />
<br />
In 2020 in Upper Austria, a number of participants came together for two cooking classes. However, these were not classes to teach how to make Wiener Schnitzel or apple strudel; instead, participants learned about the secrets and histories of Bosnian and Arabic foods, and co-created wonderful meals.<br />
<br />
This is the activity that took place as part of the [http://www.urbandiversity.eu/about/ Urban Diversity project], which aims to stir the creativity and improve the economic performance of small- and medium-sized companies and enterprises led by migrant entrepreneurs in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Graz (Austria). The project highlights the presence and creativity of migrant entrepreneurs while also promoting intercultural understanding, openness and tolerance, facilitating their integration into the local community. Projects such as Diverse Cities not only promote the work of ethnically diverse individuals and enterprises, but contribute to the meaningful empowerment of individuals from varied origins, deepening and enriching the everyday representation of their cultures and histories. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Invest in proactive inclusion measures''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that environmental planning and decision-making is accessible to all urban residents through concrete measures, e.g. accessible language and awareness-raising campaigns. <br />
#Participate in the work of the people you are working with (e.g. citizen- and community-led initiatives), and approach them, instead of expecting them to approach you first.<br />
#Involve mediators who can understand conflicts and diverging perspectives. Ensure that civil servants receive the right training.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/91909-advanced-environmental-planning university-community partnerships] that embrace participatory action research as a planning strategy. <br />
<br />
''Identify and learn from marginalised groups''<br />
<br />
#Identify marginalised and excluded groups, and learn from them about their needs and wishes. Attend their events in their spaces and discuss directly with them about their needs, goals and motives. Using this information, and the direct relationships, to plan together on how they can engage in the decision-making process and activities.<br />
#Cooperate with civil society organisations run by or representing marginalised groups when planning actions and activities.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for the inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], and about [[Democratic innovation through recognition|Democratic innovation through recognition]]. Also learn about projects like [http://www.citispyce.eu/ CITISPYCE] which seek to engage disadvantaged and marginalised youth in European cities, and afford them greater inclusion in policy making processes.<br />
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==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
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In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential|#Adaptation]] [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Several approaches activate this key to opening possibilities for more sustainable and just cities. To unlock the true power of nature we need to [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation|rethink governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], rely on [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]] and nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]]. Each of these approaches provides orientations, pathways and tools for invigorating, expanding and appreciating nature. They also help to conceptualise nature as inseparable from culture, environmental governance, problem-solving and comprehensive understandings of urban sustainability and justice. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Nature’s vitality and potential in urban settings are stimulated through various means: [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive visions of change]] that are broad, integrated, and work from the bottom up; commitment to a [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] that can assure that the visioning process is well informed by community aspirations and localized placemaking potential; and [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] to understand what is possible and makes the most sense in a given socio-ecological context. [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|Developing resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is also needed to assure the capacity to implement the vision.<br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
If integrated in an inclusive way, #Nature can help cities to overcome differentiations in [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. Urban #Nature is also crucial in dealing with [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]], particularly in the context of unquestioned neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism.<br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
n/a<br />
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<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Preventing floods with a stormwater park, Malmö, Sweden''<br />
<br />
Inaugurated in 2020, the [[https://malmo.se/Uppleva-och-gora/Natur-och-parker/Parker-i-Malmo/Dagvattenparken.html Dagvattenparken]] (Stormwater Park) in the Hyllie district of Southern Malmö combines green and blue infrastructure in a rapidly growing city. <br />
<br />
The park provides a stormwater reservoir for more than 6,600 m3 of water, which is much needed due to heavier rainfalls in the last few years. The scenic park, with its pedestrian and bicycle paths, a bridge to look over the treetops and meadow also serve as an oasis for the local habitants. The surrounding city is characterized by its young, diverse, multicultural and growing population, but also by its increasing densification. The rainwater park is an effort to simultaneously incorporate more nature into an urban area, manage the impacts of climate change and address equal access to nature in a dense city.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Support projects which help us think differently about our relationship with nature''<br />
<br />
#Redefine conceptions of who and what has rights, including sentient animals and even natural features inside and outside cities to better protect and regenerate nature.<br />
#Be inspired by successful legal battles to award personhood and legal rights to national parks, rivers and other natural bodies.<br />
#Reflecting on what is indigeneous, create stories from and around natural features in the city so it belongs as an explicit part of the neighbourhoods and help the inhabitants relate to them and help them become guardians of nature.<br />
#Adopt different ways of defining, understanding and experiencing nature, with up-stream salutogenic design and attention to different and civic-based worldviews, value systems, organising ideas and mental models overcoming techno-science approaches.<br />
<br />
Read more about [[Urban Gardening Peace Project|Wuppertal's Urban Gardening Peace Project]]. Read about debates over the [https://duncan-crowley.medium.com/ag-si%C3%BAl-go-dt%C3%AD-an-tsaoil-le-aoibhneas-47e9ee042ed7 meaning of indigeneity] in the modern world. Listen to the [https://podcastaddict.com/episode/62649421 Designers of Paradise podcast] on initiatives experimenting with agricultural approaches to natural restoration. <br />
<br />
''Harness the potential of nature-based solutions for justice''<br />
<br />
#Foster nature-based solutions (NBS) which can, in addition to technical innovations, strengthen access to nature and ecosystem services. Reflect and invest in the social benefits of NBS.<br />
#Limit heat stress, Improve water quality and reduce flooding by using green roofs,city parks and natural stormwater management systems . <br />
#Ensure that nature-based solutions and the unique cultural characteristics of neighbourhoods go hand-in-hand while preventing green gentrification.<br />
#Provide multi-functional green spaces which support both the adaptation to climate change and sports and recreation. These spaces are also important for local community-building and increase the attractiveness of the neighbourhood.<br />
#Protect against so-called “Green gentrification” by ensuring that the benefits of NBS are distributed across society.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]]. Read about projects like [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/ GreenLULUs] on the distribution of urban greening benefits. <br />
<br />
''Foster urban biodiversity using mapping tools''<br />
<br />
#Gather high-quality data by mapping and analysing the accessibility and quality of green spaces using GIS tools and participatory crowdsourcing and mapping. <br />
#Commit to address biodiversity imbalances, use funding and regulations as tools for fostering urban and biodiverse nature.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2020-08-05-in-south-africa-access-to-urban-green-areas-remains-a-white-privilege.html Mapping access to green spaces] in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=File:Accessibility.png&diff=4333File:Accessibility.png2022-06-23T15:41:10Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
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<div></div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Database_of_keys&diff=4332Database of keys2022-06-23T15:34:59Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* The 17 keys */</p>
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<div><embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="center">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQhYOctpILw</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==What is a sustainable and just city?== <br />
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In a sustainable and just city, the economic, political and social choices which created unsustainable and unjust structures are put under the microscope. Sustainable and just city-makers examine the roots of injustice and ecological unsustainability. They actively and openly address the tensions between justice and sustainability. They don’t focus on fixing symptoms. They look at marginalisation and inequality, overconsumption and pollution. They address these challenges through honest and, at times, uncomfortable conversations. They shape their behaviours through the lens of justice and take concrete action, for example on climate adaptation and mitigation. <br />
<br />
==The 17 keys== <br />
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'''The 17 keys help city-makers in this endeavour.''' These are elements which have the potential to unlock sustainable and just cities. They synthesise the knowledge collected throughout the project. To make them more accessible, we clustered the 17 keys under 4 adjectives which perfectly describe sustainable just cities: honest, caring, regenerative and informed. <br />
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Click on a cluster to explore:<br />
<br />
<b><br />
# [[Honest]]<br />
# [[Caring]]<br />
# [[Regenerative]]<br />
# [[Informed]]<br />
</b><br />
<br />
Check out the keys poster, below, and take a look at the [https://sustainablejustcities.eu/resources/publication-handbook-sustainable-and-just-cities/ handbook for sustainable and just cities]! It contains the keys in a nice sharable format.<br />
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[[File:ICLEI UrbanA 2022 POSTER FINAL.png|1000px|thumb|left|Keys poster on Paths to a Sustainable and Just City]]<br />
<br clear=all><br />
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[[Category: Databases]]</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4266Informed2022-05-09T17:01:53Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community */</p>
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<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
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==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
<br />
''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable|#Responsibility]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], based on collaborative forms of knowledge generation like co-production, co-inquiry, community-based and community-led research, participatory action research and [[Citizen science]], are key processes in the effective co-generation and mobilisation of knowledge. They depend on effective [[Data collection]], and ideally sharing of data, which can draw on the aforementioned citizen science and other forms of collaborative inquiry. This may take place within the context of [[Crowdsourcing]] efforts that invite people from all walks of life to contribute to identifying issues and courses of action. [[Integral MetaMapping]] can also help develop a common language that links different kinds of stakeholder knowledge.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Any [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] requires both that citizens are well-informed, and that their knowledge and insights are taken into account. [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of change]] also means drawing on and bringing together the knowledge of diverse stakeholder groups in a city. Accessing this knowledge means it is necessary to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]], while exchanging knowledge and information is, in itself, an important way to [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges between different stakeholder groups]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is a direct remedy for a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. Wider access to knowledge is crucial to overcoming [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]], and can help address [[Weak(ened) civil society|weakened civil society]]. Sharing knowledge more widely and ensuring that decision-making processes and organizational structures both enable and reflect this is an important part of overcoming unfit institutional structures.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*The big challenge will be to transfer knowledge to citizens and enable citizens to create and share knowledge. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*Design thinking, citizen science and the arts could all play key roles in empowering communities to collect and create collaborative data, and build knowledge commons. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces: How to access information, how to communicate through e-platforms, how to access education, how to access democratic online participation tools. Is information from the city website accessible? Can people understand what it says? Can they see what it says? Are all the city apps accessible?. (Pilar Orero, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)<br />
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<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''The city as commons, Ghent, Belgium''<br />
<br />
The [https://commonstransition.org/commons-transition-plan-city-ghent/ Ghent Commons Transition Plan] was commissioned by the Mayor and Council of Ghent in Northern Flanders. <br />
<br />
Its aim was to document and understand the emergence of the commons in the city in order to identify what forms of public policy could best support its further growth. It was developed on the basis of a broad participatory inquiry during early 2017, which aimed to capture the knowledge of those involved in sustainability and equity initiatives across the city. A key outcome was understanding the city itself as a commons, in which active co-creation and exchange of knowledge support collaborative action between authorities and local residents. One such initiative explored in the process was the [https://stad.gent/en/city-governance-organisation/featured-projects/living-streets Living Streets project], which supports citizens in redefining urban spaces by closing streets to traffic for extended periods.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Connect economy and ecology in learning programmes''<br />
<br />
#Reconsider and redevelop what knowledge we teach and how we teach it by incorporating sustainability and justice (e.g. Doughnut Economics) in curriculums and other learning programmes.<br />
#In economics programmes in particular, champion the need for a curriculum which includes an ecological perspective, recognising that these two concepts are intrinsically connected.<br />
<br />
Learn about the [https://doughnuteconomics.org/ Doughnut Economics Action Lab]. Listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAz0bOtfVfE Satish Kumar] explaining the conceptual and etymological connection between economy and ecology. <br />
<br />
''Use creative ways of making knowledge accessible''<br />
<br />
#Experiment with new, alternative and accessible ways to create, manage and share knowledge. Use storytelling methods, visualisation and mapping (e.g. GIS), and 1-on-1 discussions as means of communicating knowledge.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [UrbanAPI (Interactive Analysis, Simulation and Visualisation Tools for Urban Agile Policy)|UrbanAPI].<br />
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==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] activate this key by providing multi-stakeholder platforms that operate with the aim of sharing and transferring knowledge and methods for tackling urban challenges. One example of such a method is creating [[Experimentation labs]] that focus on creating experiential environments where policy makers and citizens design, explore, experience and refine new ideas (policies, regulations, technologies etc.) in real-life scenarios. Another way to share local learning is through [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|multi-stakeholder partnerships]]. These enable (among others) climate change-related transformations through the connection of multi-sectoral networks with individuals and organisations on the ground. This approach deals with the challenge of bringing together public, private and civil society representatives in ongoing processes of communication and exchange, in order to enable innovative solutions to complex problems. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] is an essential part of learning translocallly for transformative change. This governance arrangement requires “intermediaries” to translate and enable communication (e.g., between civil society groups and governmental actors in order to realize a joint project).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Cities learning with and from each other addresses "[[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]" as a driver of injustice. This driver refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions and their benefits is not shared effectively or equally. This is true among and across social groups, sectors or disciplines and thus constrains the potential for progress on sustainability and justice. For knowledge brokerage to not only be effective, but also inclusive and socially considerate, it needs to include and bring benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups. This key also addresses [[Unfit institutional structures]], because learning from and with other cities is an alternative to the dominant top-down and bureaucratic ways of working within cities that fail to address the realities of vulnerable residents, and challenges organizational rigidity. Because translocal learning also takes place across scales, for example between cities and central governments, this key might also help in identifying and addressing those barriers on a national level (e.g. regulations) that hamper transformative change at the city level.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Personal and dynamic learning processes are important<br />
*It is necessary to have an intentional process that adapts knowledge to local needs, interests and capacities, ideally starting with the specific problem at hand and then searching for a possible solution elsewhere. <br />
*We need safe spaces for free communication and exchange, especially those where we can talk about failure.<br />
*Sharing lessons from failed projects, including mistakes made or obstacles faced, are a great opportunity for learning. So-called ‘sanitized stories’ and spaces that exclude this information are unhelpful.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Cities learning from each other, translocally''<br />
<br />
The Municipality in Transition network offers a concrete example of how cities in different countries are learning about the concept of a just transition from each other. <br />
<br />
Municipalities in Transition was created to support citizens’ groups that want to collaborate with their local governments and to support local governments that have a difficult time building relationships with their citizens. Municipality in Transition provides a framework of change to do so. Learning happens at the local level between different actors, as well as between the municipalities involved in the network. For instance, the Italian municipalities of Valsamoggia and Santorso regularly exchange about their experiences, programs and resources – and so learn from each other. Other examples are [[Transition towns]], [[Municipalities in Transition]], and even the [[UrbanA Community of Practice]], which is behind the keys to unlock Sustainable and Just Cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Integrate translocal learning into funding schemes''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that research and innovation funding schemes (e.g. in European commission and national governments) require local projects to include a strategy for translocal learning and practises for translocal knowledge-sharing. <br />
#Increase structural support for translocal learning (e.g. supporting peer-to-peer exchange with Arenas, recurring events, and platforms)<br />
#Invest in and support personal connections and long-term learning processes where open discussions about obstacles/failures can occur.<br />
<br />
Read the [https://sustainablejustcities.eu/resources/policy-brief-translocal-learning UrbanA policy brief on translocal learning].<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Active residents become responsible [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|participants]] in shaping their city through [[Governance and participation processes|collaboration and participation]]. When municipalities listen to and begin to make use of tools, knowledge and experiences from civil society, [[Nature-based solutions for climate adaptation|regenerative visions]] emerge from the public realm. For example, the politics of the [[Right to housing]] can activate communities, creating a [[Culture for empowerment]]. [[Financial practices and instruments]], such as [[Participatory budgeting]] can enable communities to shape their territories, often involving very diverse and [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|disadvantaged groups]]. Cultural groups and academic groups, especially those taking part in [[Experimentation labs]], can assist and support communities to engage in [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Civil society can build sustainable and just urban communities and cities from the bottom up – but only when diverse groups [[Tap into existing community networks]] and find common ground, shared objectives and, sometimes, resources to [[Create a comprehensive vision of change]]. Key challenges here include involving more diverse communities, finding suitable ways of making decisions and working together, while celebrating small steps in the collective journey. To sustain momentum over time, such networks will need to develop [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]]. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Bridging different stakeholder groups]] allows communities to realise their visions, but care is needed to ensure decision-makers [[Commit to a meaningful participation process]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
The damages to urban communities caused by speculation, destructive forms of tourism, and gentrification can be countered. This works best when organized civil society actors challenge [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]] and wider political decision-making in contemporary cities. Strong for-profit forces demand [[Weak(ened) civil society]], so that the benefits they reap from [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism]] remain unchallenged. Civil society groups must counter [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. This includes cutting-edge “eco” projects, which heighten [[Material and livelihood inequalities]] and [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialised or ethnically inclusive urbanisation]] by driving out established communities in order to house new communities of wealthy elites.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*The more participatory a society is, the greater its will to combat inequalities and injustices increases, becoming a more conscious and caring community. (Rafael Calado, FabLab Lisbon)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Communities lead neighbourhood transformation, Lisbon, Portugal''<br />
<br />
Civil society action has begun to transform the neighbourhood of Marvila in Lisbon, previously a long-neglected part of an industrial port area. <br />
<br />
Two local actors, [https://www.facebook.com/GrupoComunitario4Crescente/ 4Crescente] - a community network of 4 neighborhoods - and a non-profit association [https://resdochao.org/en/ Rés do Chão] (Ground Floor), combined their powers in 2019 to create a community-led project [https://www.facebook.com/transformarmarvila/ Transformar Marvila com Jardim e Ciclovias] (Transforming Marvila with parks and bikeways). This project came as an alternative to the city council’s proposal for more housing blocks. The community wanted amenities such as parks, play areas, gardens and bike lanes, comparable to those found elsewhere in the city. Thanks to local community organising, an urban design project is now underway to turn seven hectares of vacant public land into a city-scale public park. Initial ideas came from the neighbourhood, limited resources came from community groups and a community representative is part of the jury to select the final project in an architectural competition.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Build capacity within local communities''<br />
<br />
#Provide capacity building for participation and care by engaging locals in building skills within their own communities. Make use of existing skills in the community by employing Citizen Coaches to train their peers. <br />
#Provide resources which support communities to create their own solutions, alongside top-down approaches.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]], Belgium. Learn about [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset-based_community_development Asset-based community development]]. <br />
<br />
''Provide spaces for civil society''<br />
<br />
#Create and maintain spaces for civil society to meet and collaborate. This action can have different stakeholders and methods (e.g. repurposing obsolete spaces, urban gardens, communal dinners).<br />
#The focus of this action is on recognising physical spaces as platforms for civil actions and for positive encounters between people from different backgrounds.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [[Urban Gardening Peace Project]] in Wuppertal, Germany.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4265Informed2022-05-09T17:00:52Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
<br />
''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable|#Responsibility]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], based on collaborative forms of knowledge generation like co-production, co-inquiry, community-based and community-led research, participatory action research and [[Citizen science]], are key processes in the effective co-generation and mobilisation of knowledge. They depend on effective [[Data collection]], and ideally sharing of data, which can draw on the aforementioned citizen science and other forms of collaborative inquiry. This may take place within the context of [[Crowdsourcing]] efforts that invite people from all walks of life to contribute to identifying issues and courses of action. [[Integral MetaMapping]] can also help develop a common language that links different kinds of stakeholder knowledge.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Any [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] requires both that citizens are well-informed, and that their knowledge and insights are taken into account. [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of change]] also means drawing on and bringing together the knowledge of diverse stakeholder groups in a city. Accessing this knowledge means it is necessary to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]], while exchanging knowledge and information is, in itself, an important way to [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges between different stakeholder groups]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is a direct remedy for a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. Wider access to knowledge is crucial to overcoming [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]], and can help address [[Weak(ened) civil society|weakened civil society]]. Sharing knowledge more widely and ensuring that decision-making processes and organizational structures both enable and reflect this is an important part of overcoming unfit institutional structures.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*The big challenge will be to transfer knowledge to citizens and enable citizens to create and share knowledge. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*Design thinking, citizen science and the arts could all play key roles in empowering communities to collect and create collaborative data, and build knowledge commons. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces: How to access information, how to communicate through e-platforms, how to access education, how to access democratic online participation tools. Is information from the city website accessible? Can people understand what it says? Can they see what it says? Are all the city apps accessible?. (Pilar Orero, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''The city as commons, Ghent, Belgium''<br />
<br />
The [https://commonstransition.org/commons-transition-plan-city-ghent/ Ghent Commons Transition Plan] was commissioned by the Mayor and Council of Ghent in Northern Flanders. <br />
<br />
Its aim was to document and understand the emergence of the commons in the city in order to identify what forms of public policy could best support its further growth. It was developed on the basis of a broad participatory inquiry during early 2017, which aimed to capture the knowledge of those involved in sustainability and equity initiatives across the city. A key outcome was understanding the city itself as a commons, in which active co-creation and exchange of knowledge support collaborative action between authorities and local residents. One such initiative explored in the process was the [https://stad.gent/en/city-governance-organisation/featured-projects/living-streets Living Streets project], which supports citizens in redefining urban spaces by closing streets to traffic for extended periods.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Connect economy and ecology in learning programmes''<br />
<br />
#Reconsider and redevelop what knowledge we teach and how we teach it by incorporating sustainability and justice (e.g. Doughnut Economics) in curriculums and other learning programmes.<br />
#In economics programmes in particular, champion the need for a curriculum which includes an ecological perspective, recognising that these two concepts are intrinsically connected.<br />
<br />
Learn about the [https://doughnuteconomics.org/ Doughnut Economics Action Lab]. Listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAz0bOtfVfE Satish Kumar] explaining the conceptual and etymological connection between economy and ecology. <br />
<br />
''Use creative ways of making knowledge accessible''<br />
<br />
#Experiment with new, alternative and accessible ways to create, manage and share knowledge. Use storytelling methods, visualisation and mapping (e.g. GIS), and 1-on-1 discussions as means of communicating knowledge.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [UrbanAPI (Interactive Analysis, Simulation and Visualisation Tools for Urban Agile Policy)|UrbanAPI].<br />
<br />
==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] activate this key by providing multi-stakeholder platforms that operate with the aim of sharing and transferring knowledge and methods for tackling urban challenges. One example of such a method is creating [[Experimentation labs]] that focus on creating experiential environments where policy makers and citizens design, explore, experience and refine new ideas (policies, regulations, technologies etc.) in real-life scenarios. Another way to share local learning is through [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|multi-stakeholder partnerships]]. These enable (among others) climate change-related transformations through the connection of multi-sectoral networks with individuals and organisations on the ground. This approach deals with the challenge of bringing together public, private and civil society representatives in ongoing processes of communication and exchange, in order to enable innovative solutions to complex problems. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] is an essential part of learning translocallly for transformative change. This governance arrangement requires “intermediaries” to translate and enable communication (e.g., between civil society groups and governmental actors in order to realize a joint project).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Cities learning with and from each other addresses "[[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]" as a driver of injustice. This driver refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions and their benefits is not shared effectively or equally. This is true among and across social groups, sectors or disciplines and thus constrains the potential for progress on sustainability and justice. For knowledge brokerage to not only be effective, but also inclusive and socially considerate, it needs to include and bring benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups. This key also addresses [[Unfit institutional structures]], because learning from and with other cities is an alternative to the dominant top-down and bureaucratic ways of working within cities that fail to address the realities of vulnerable residents, and challenges organizational rigidity. Because translocal learning also takes place across scales, for example between cities and central governments, this key might also help in identifying and addressing those barriers on a national level (e.g. regulations) that hamper transformative change at the city level.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Personal and dynamic learning processes are important<br />
*It is necessary to have an intentional process that adapts knowledge to local needs, interests and capacities, ideally starting with the specific problem at hand and then searching for a possible solution elsewhere. <br />
*We need safe spaces for free communication and exchange, especially those where we can talk about failure.<br />
*Sharing lessons from failed projects, including mistakes made or obstacles faced, are a great opportunity for learning. So-called ‘sanitized stories’ and spaces that exclude this information are unhelpful.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Cities learning from each other, translocally''<br />
<br />
The Municipality in Transition network offers a concrete example of how cities in different countries are learning about the concept of a just transition from each other. <br />
<br />
Municipalities in Transition was created to support citizens’ groups that want to collaborate with their local governments and to support local governments that have a difficult time building relationships with their citizens. Municipality in Transition provides a framework of change to do so. Learning happens at the local level between different actors, as well as between the municipalities involved in the network. For instance, the Italian municipalities of Valsamoggia and Santorso regularly exchange about their experiences, programs and resources – and so learn from each other. Other examples are [[Transition towns]], [[Municipalities in Transition]], and even the [[UrbanA Community of Practice]], which is behind the keys to unlock Sustainable and Just Cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Integrate translocal learning into funding schemes''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that research and innovation funding schemes (e.g. in European commission and national governments) require local projects to include a strategy for translocal learning and practises for translocal knowledge-sharing. <br />
#Increase structural support for translocal learning (e.g. supporting peer-to-peer exchange with Arenas, recurring events, and platforms)<br />
#Invest in and support personal connections and long-term learning processes where open discussions about obstacles/failures can occur.<br />
<br />
Read the [https://sustainablejustcities.eu/resources/policy-brief-translocal-learning UrbanA policy brief on translocal learning].<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Active residents become responsible [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|participants]] in shaping their city through [[Governance and participation processes|collaboration and participation]]. When municipalities listen to and begin to make use of tools, knowledge and experiences from civil society, [[Nature-based solutions for climate adaptation|regenerative visions]] emerge from the public realm. For example, the politics of the [[Right to housing]] can activate communities, creating a [[Culture for empowerment]]. [[Financial practices and instruments]], such as [[Participatory budgeting]] can enable communities to shape their territories, often involving very diverse and [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|disadvantaged groups]]. Cultural groups and academic groups, especially those taking part in [[Experimentation labs]], can assist and support communities to engage in [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Civil society can build sustainable and just urban communities and cities from the bottom up – but only when diverse groups [[Tap into existing community networks]] and find common ground, shared objectives and, sometimes, resources to [[Create a comprehensive vision of change]]. Key challenges here include involving more diverse communities, finding suitable ways of making decisions and working together, while celebrating small steps in the collective journey. To sustain momentum over time, such networks will need to develop [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]]. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Bridging different stakeholder groups]] allows communities to realise their visions, but care is needed to ensure decision-makers [[Commit to a meaningful participation process]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
The damages to urban communities caused by speculation, destructive forms of tourism, and gentrification can be countered. This works best when organized civil society actors challenge [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]] and wider political decision-making in contemporary cities. Strong for-profit forces demand [[Weak(ened) civil society]], so that the benefits they reap from [[Unquestioned neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism]] remain unchallenged. Civil society groups must counter [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. This includes cutting-edge “eco” projects, which heighten [[Material and livelihood inequalities]] and [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialised or ethnically inclusive urbanisation]] by driving out established communities in order to house new communities of wealthy elites.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*The more participatory a society is, the greater its will to combat inequalities and injustices increases, becoming a more conscious and caring community. (Rafael Calado, FabLab Lisbon)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Communities lead neighbourhood transformation, Lisbon, Portugal''<br />
<br />
Civil society action has begun to transform the neighbourhood of Marvila in Lisbon, previously a long-neglected part of an industrial port area. <br />
<br />
Two local actors, [https://www.facebook.com/GrupoComunitario4Crescente/ 4Crescente] - a community network of 4 neighborhoods - and a non-profit association [https://resdochao.org/en/ Rés do Chão] (Ground Floor), combined their powers in 2019 to create a community-led project [https://www.facebook.com/transformarmarvila/ Transformar Marvila com Jardim e Ciclovias] (Transforming Marvila with parks and bikeways). This project came as an alternative to the city council’s proposal for more housing blocks. The community wanted amenities such as parks, play areas, gardens and bike lanes, comparable to those found elsewhere in the city. Thanks to local community organising, an urban design project is now underway to turn seven hectares of vacant public land into a city-scale public park. Initial ideas came from the neighbourhood, limited resources came from community groups and a community representative is part of the jury to select the final project in an architectural competition.<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Build capacity within local communities''<br />
<br />
#Provide capacity building for participation and care by engaging locals in building skills within their own communities. Make use of existing skills in the community by employing Citizen Coaches to train their peers. <br />
#Provide resources which support communities to create their own solutions, alongside top-down approaches.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]], Belgium. Learn about [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset-based_community_development Asset-based community development]]. <br />
<br />
''Provide spaces for civil society''<br />
<br />
#Create and maintain spaces for civil society to meet and collaborate. This action can have different stakeholders and methods (e.g. repurposing obsolete spaces, urban gardens, communal dinners).<br />
#The focus of this action is on recognising physical spaces as platforms for civil actions and for positive encounters between people from different backgrounds.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [[Urban Gardening Peace Project]] in Wuppertal, Germany.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4264Informed2022-05-09T16:51:43Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
<br />
''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable|#Responsibility]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], based on collaborative forms of knowledge generation like co-production, co-inquiry, community-based and community-led research, participatory action research and [[Citizen science]], are key processes in the effective co-generation and mobilisation of knowledge. They depend on effective [[Data collection]], and ideally sharing of data, which can draw on the aforementioned citizen science and other forms of collaborative inquiry. This may take place within the context of [[Crowdsourcing]] efforts that invite people from all walks of life to contribute to identifying issues and courses of action. [[Integral MetaMapping]] can also help develop a common language that links different kinds of stakeholder knowledge.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Any [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] requires both that citizens are well-informed, and that their knowledge and insights are taken into account. [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of change]] also means drawing on and bringing together the knowledge of diverse stakeholder groups in a city. Accessing this knowledge means it is necessary to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]], while exchanging knowledge and information is, in itself, an important way to [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges between different stakeholder groups]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is a direct remedy for a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. Wider access to knowledge is crucial to overcoming [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]], and can help address [[Weak(ened) civil society|weakened civil society]]. Sharing knowledge more widely and ensuring that decision-making processes and organizational structures both enable and reflect this is an important part of overcoming unfit institutional structures.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*The big challenge will be to transfer knowledge to citizens and enable citizens to create and share knowledge. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*Design thinking, citizen science and the arts could all play key roles in empowering communities to collect and create collaborative data, and build knowledge commons. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces: How to access information, how to communicate through e-platforms, how to access education, how to access democratic online participation tools. Is information from the city website accessible? Can people understand what it says? Can they see what it says? Are all the city apps accessible?. (Pilar Orero, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''The city as commons, Ghent, Belgium''<br />
<br />
The [https://commonstransition.org/commons-transition-plan-city-ghent/ Ghent Commons Transition Plan] was commissioned by the Mayor and Council of Ghent in Northern Flanders. <br />
<br />
Its aim was to document and understand the emergence of the commons in the city in order to identify what forms of public policy could best support its further growth. It was developed on the basis of a broad participatory inquiry during early 2017, which aimed to capture the knowledge of those involved in sustainability and equity initiatives across the city. A key outcome was understanding the city itself as a commons, in which active co-creation and exchange of knowledge support collaborative action between authorities and local residents. One such initiative explored in the process was the [https://stad.gent/en/city-governance-organisation/featured-projects/living-streets Living Streets project], which supports citizens in redefining urban spaces by closing streets to traffic for extended periods.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Connect economy and ecology in learning programmes''<br />
<br />
#Reconsider and redevelop what knowledge we teach and how we teach it by incorporating sustainability and justice (e.g. Doughnut Economics) in curriculums and other learning programmes.<br />
#In economics programmes in particular, champion the need for a curriculum which includes an ecological perspective, recognising that these two concepts are intrinsically connected.<br />
<br />
Learn about the [https://doughnuteconomics.org/ Doughnut Economics Action Lab]. Listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAz0bOtfVfE Satish Kumar] explaining the conceptual and etymological connection between economy and ecology. <br />
<br />
''Use creative ways of making knowledge accessible''<br />
<br />
#Experiment with new, alternative and accessible ways to create, manage and share knowledge. Use storytelling methods, visualisation and mapping (e.g. GIS), and 1-on-1 discussions as means of communicating knowledge.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [UrbanAPI (Interactive Analysis, Simulation and Visualisation Tools for Urban Agile Policy)|UrbanAPI].<br />
<br />
==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] activate this key by providing multi-stakeholder platforms that operate with the aim of sharing and transferring knowledge and methods for tackling urban challenges. One example of such a method is creating [[Experimentation labs]] that focus on creating experiential environments where policy makers and citizens design, explore, experience and refine new ideas (policies, regulations, technologies etc.) in real-life scenarios. Another way to share local learning is through [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|multi-stakeholder partnerships]]. These enable (among others) climate change-related transformations through the connection of multi-sectoral networks with individuals and organisations on the ground. This approach deals with the challenge of bringing together public, private and civil society representatives in ongoing processes of communication and exchange, in order to enable innovative solutions to complex problems. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] is an essential part of learning translocallly for transformative change. This governance arrangement requires “intermediaries” to translate and enable communication (e.g., between civil society groups and governmental actors in order to realize a joint project).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Cities learning with and from each other addresses "[[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]" as a driver of injustice. This driver refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions and their benefits is not shared effectively or equally. This is true among and across social groups, sectors or disciplines and thus constrains the potential for progress on sustainability and justice. For knowledge brokerage to not only be effective, but also inclusive and socially considerate, it needs to include and bring benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups. This key also addresses [[Unfit institutional structures]], because learning from and with other cities is an alternative to the dominant top-down and bureaucratic ways of working within cities that fail to address the realities of vulnerable residents, and challenges organizational rigidity. Because translocal learning also takes place across scales, for example between cities and central governments, this key might also help in identifying and addressing those barriers on a national level (e.g. regulations) that hamper transformative change at the city level.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Personal and dynamic learning processes are important<br />
*It is necessary to have an intentional process that adapts knowledge to local needs, interests and capacities, ideally starting with the specific problem at hand and then searching for a possible solution elsewhere. <br />
*We need safe spaces for free communication and exchange, especially those where we can talk about failure.<br />
*Sharing lessons from failed projects, including mistakes made or obstacles faced, are a great opportunity for learning. So-called ‘sanitized stories’ and spaces that exclude this information are unhelpful.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Cities learning from each other, translocally''<br />
<br />
The Municipality in Transition network offers a concrete example of how cities in different countries are learning about the concept of a just transition from each other. <br />
<br />
Municipalities in Transition was created to support citizens’ groups that want to collaborate with their local governments and to support local governments that have a difficult time building relationships with their citizens. Municipality in Transition provides a framework of change to do so. Learning happens at the local level between different actors, as well as between the municipalities involved in the network. For instance, the Italian municipalities of Valsamoggia and Santorso regularly exchange about their experiences, programs and resources – and so learn from each other. Other examples are [[Transition towns]], [[Municipalities in Transition]], and even the [[UrbanA Community of Practice]], which is behind the keys to unlock Sustainable and Just Cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Integrate translocal learning into funding schemes''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that research and innovation funding schemes (e.g. in European commission and national governments) require local projects to include a strategy for translocal learning and practises for translocal knowledge-sharing. <br />
#Increase structural support for translocal learning (e.g. supporting peer-to-peer exchange with Arenas, recurring events, and platforms)<br />
#Invest in and support personal connections and long-term learning processes where open discussions about obstacles/failures can occur.<br />
<br />
Read the [https://sustainablejustcities.eu/resources/policy-brief-translocal-learning UrbanA policy brief on translocal learning].<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Active residents become responsible [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|participants]] in shaping their city through [[Governance and participation processes|collaboration and participation]]. When municipalities listen to and begin to make use of tools, knowledge and experiences from civil society, [[Nature-based solutions for climate adaptation|regenerative visions]] emerge from the public realm. For example, the politics of the [[Right to housing]] can activate communities, creating a [[Culture for empowerment]]. [[Financial practices and instruments]], such as [[Participatory budgeting]] can enable communities to shape their territories, often involving very diverse and [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|disadvantaged groups]]. Cultural groups and academic groups, especially those taking part in [[Experimentation labs]], can assist and support communities to engage in [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Civil society can build sustainable and just urban communities and cities from the bottom up – but only when diverse groups tap into existing community networks and find common ground, shared objectives and, sometimes, resources to create a comprehensive vision of change. Key challenges here include involving more diverse communities, finding suitable ways of making decisions and working together, while celebrating small steps in the collective journey. To sustain momentum over time, such networks will need to develop resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements. Bridging different stakeholder groups allows communities to realise their visions, but care is needed to ensure decision-makers commit to a meaningful participation process.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4263Informed2022-05-09T16:46:52Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
<br />
''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable|#Responsibility]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], based on collaborative forms of knowledge generation like co-production, co-inquiry, community-based and community-led research, participatory action research and [[Citizen science]], are key processes in the effective co-generation and mobilisation of knowledge. They depend on effective [[Data collection]], and ideally sharing of data, which can draw on the aforementioned citizen science and other forms of collaborative inquiry. This may take place within the context of [[Crowdsourcing]] efforts that invite people from all walks of life to contribute to identifying issues and courses of action. [[Integral MetaMapping]] can also help develop a common language that links different kinds of stakeholder knowledge.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Any [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] requires both that citizens are well-informed, and that their knowledge and insights are taken into account. [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of change]] also means drawing on and bringing together the knowledge of diverse stakeholder groups in a city. Accessing this knowledge means it is necessary to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]], while exchanging knowledge and information is, in itself, an important way to [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges between different stakeholder groups]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is a direct remedy for a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. Wider access to knowledge is crucial to overcoming [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]], and can help address [[Weak(ened) civil society|weakened civil society]]. Sharing knowledge more widely and ensuring that decision-making processes and organizational structures both enable and reflect this is an important part of overcoming unfit institutional structures.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*The big challenge will be to transfer knowledge to citizens and enable citizens to create and share knowledge. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*Design thinking, citizen science and the arts could all play key roles in empowering communities to collect and create collaborative data, and build knowledge commons. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces: How to access information, how to communicate through e-platforms, how to access education, how to access democratic online participation tools. Is information from the city website accessible? Can people understand what it says? Can they see what it says? Are all the city apps accessible?. (Pilar Orero, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''The city as commons, Ghent, Belgium''<br />
<br />
The [https://commonstransition.org/commons-transition-plan-city-ghent/ Ghent Commons Transition Plan] was commissioned by the Mayor and Council of Ghent in Northern Flanders. <br />
<br />
Its aim was to document and understand the emergence of the commons in the city in order to identify what forms of public policy could best support its further growth. It was developed on the basis of a broad participatory inquiry during early 2017, which aimed to capture the knowledge of those involved in sustainability and equity initiatives across the city. A key outcome was understanding the city itself as a commons, in which active co-creation and exchange of knowledge support collaborative action between authorities and local residents. One such initiative explored in the process was the [https://stad.gent/en/city-governance-organisation/featured-projects/living-streets Living Streets project], which supports citizens in redefining urban spaces by closing streets to traffic for extended periods.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Connect economy and ecology in learning programmes''<br />
<br />
#Reconsider and redevelop what knowledge we teach and how we teach it by incorporating sustainability and justice (e.g. Doughnut Economics) in curriculums and other learning programmes.<br />
#In economics programmes in particular, champion the need for a curriculum which includes an ecological perspective, recognising that these two concepts are intrinsically connected.<br />
<br />
Learn about the [https://doughnuteconomics.org/ Doughnut Economics Action Lab]. Listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAz0bOtfVfE Satish Kumar] explaining the conceptual and etymological connection between economy and ecology. <br />
<br />
''Use creative ways of making knowledge accessible''<br />
<br />
#Experiment with new, alternative and accessible ways to create, manage and share knowledge. Use storytelling methods, visualisation and mapping (e.g. GIS), and 1-on-1 discussions as means of communicating knowledge.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [UrbanAPI (Interactive Analysis, Simulation and Visualisation Tools for Urban Agile Policy)|UrbanAPI].<br />
<br />
==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] activate this key by providing multi-stakeholder platforms that operate with the aim of sharing and transferring knowledge and methods for tackling urban challenges. One example of such a method is creating [[Experimentation labs]] that focus on creating experiential environments where policy makers and citizens design, explore, experience and refine new ideas (policies, regulations, technologies etc.) in real-life scenarios. Another way to share local learning is through [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy|multi-stakeholder partnerships]]. These enable (among others) climate change-related transformations through the connection of multi-sectoral networks with individuals and organisations on the ground. This approach deals with the challenge of bringing together public, private and civil society representatives in ongoing processes of communication and exchange, in order to enable innovative solutions to complex problems. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] is an essential part of learning translocallly for transformative change. This governance arrangement requires “intermediaries” to translate and enable communication (e.g., between civil society groups and governmental actors in order to realize a joint project).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Cities learning with and from each other addresses "[[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]" as a driver of injustice. This driver refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions and their benefits is not shared effectively or equally. This is true among and across social groups, sectors or disciplines and thus constrains the potential for progress on sustainability and justice. For knowledge brokerage to not only be effective, but also inclusive and socially considerate, it needs to include and bring benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups. This key also addresses [[Unfit institutional structures]], because learning from and with other cities is an alternative to the dominant top-down and bureaucratic ways of working within cities that fail to address the realities of vulnerable residents, and challenges organizational rigidity. Because translocal learning also takes place across scales, for example between cities and central governments, this key might also help in identifying and addressing those barriers on a national level (e.g. regulations) that hamper transformative change at the city level.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Personal and dynamic learning processes are important<br />
*It is necessary to have an intentional process that adapts knowledge to local needs, interests and capacities, ideally starting with the specific problem at hand and then searching for a possible solution elsewhere. <br />
*We need safe spaces for free communication and exchange, especially those where we can talk about failure.<br />
*Sharing lessons from failed projects, including mistakes made or obstacles faced, are a great opportunity for learning. So-called ‘sanitized stories’ and spaces that exclude this information are unhelpful.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Cities learning from each other, translocally''<br />
<br />
The Municipality in Transition network offers a concrete example of how cities in different countries are learning about the concept of a just transition from each other. <br />
<br />
Municipalities in Transition was created to support citizens’ groups that want to collaborate with their local governments and to support local governments that have a difficult time building relationships with their citizens. Municipality in Transition provides a framework of change to do so. Learning happens at the local level between different actors, as well as between the municipalities involved in the network. For instance, the Italian municipalities of Valsamoggia and Santorso regularly exchange about their experiences, programs and resources – and so learn from each other. Other examples are [[Transition towns]], [[Municipalities in Transition]], and even the [[UrbanA Community of Practice]], which is behind the keys to unlock Sustainable and Just Cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Integrate translocal learning into funding schemes''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that research and innovation funding schemes (e.g. in European commission and national governments) require local projects to include a strategy for translocal learning and practises for translocal knowledge-sharing. <br />
#Increase structural support for translocal learning (e.g. supporting peer-to-peer exchange with Arenas, recurring events, and platforms)<br />
#Invest in and support personal connections and long-term learning processes where open discussions about obstacles/failures can occur.<br />
<br />
Read the [https://sustainablejustcities.eu/resources/policy-brief-translocal-learning UrbanA policy brief on translocal learning].<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Participation #Solidarity #Power (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4262Informed2022-05-09T16:33:23Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
<br />
''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable|#Responsibility]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], based on collaborative forms of knowledge generation like co-production, co-inquiry, community-based and community-led research, participatory action research and [[Citizen science]], are key processes in the effective co-generation and mobilisation of knowledge. They depend on effective [[Data collection]], and ideally sharing of data, which can draw on the aforementioned citizen science and other forms of collaborative inquiry. This may take place within the context of [[Crowdsourcing]] efforts that invite people from all walks of life to contribute to identifying issues and courses of action. [[Integral MetaMapping]] can also help develop a common language that links different kinds of stakeholder knowledge.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Any [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] requires both that citizens are well-informed, and that their knowledge and insights are taken into account. [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of change]] also means drawing on and bringing together the knowledge of diverse stakeholder groups in a city. Accessing this knowledge means it is necessary to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]], while exchanging knowledge and information is, in itself, an important way to [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges between different stakeholder groups]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is a direct remedy for a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. Wider access to knowledge is crucial to overcoming [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]], and can help address [[Weak(ened) civil society|weakened civil society]]. Sharing knowledge more widely and ensuring that decision-making processes and organizational structures both enable and reflect this is an important part of overcoming unfit institutional structures.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*The big challenge will be to transfer knowledge to citizens and enable citizens to create and share knowledge. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*Design thinking, citizen science and the arts could all play key roles in empowering communities to collect and create collaborative data, and build knowledge commons. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces: How to access information, how to communicate through e-platforms, how to access education, how to access democratic online participation tools. Is information from the city website accessible? Can people understand what it says? Can they see what it says? Are all the city apps accessible?. (Pilar Orero, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''The city as commons, Ghent, Belgium''<br />
<br />
The [https://commonstransition.org/commons-transition-plan-city-ghent/ Ghent Commons Transition Plan] was commissioned by the Mayor and Council of Ghent in Northern Flanders. <br />
<br />
Its aim was to document and understand the emergence of the commons in the city in order to identify what forms of public policy could best support its further growth. It was developed on the basis of a broad participatory inquiry during early 2017, which aimed to capture the knowledge of those involved in sustainability and equity initiatives across the city. A key outcome was understanding the city itself as a commons, in which active co-creation and exchange of knowledge support collaborative action between authorities and local residents. One such initiative explored in the process was the [https://stad.gent/en/city-governance-organisation/featured-projects/living-streets Living Streets project], which supports citizens in redefining urban spaces by closing streets to traffic for extended periods.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Connect economy and ecology in learning programmes''<br />
<br />
#Reconsider and redevelop what knowledge we teach and how we teach it by incorporating sustainability and justice (e.g. Doughnut Economics) in curriculums and other learning programmes.<br />
#In economics programmes in particular, champion the need for a curriculum which includes an ecological perspective, recognising that these two concepts are intrinsically connected.<br />
<br />
Learn about the [https://doughnuteconomics.org/ Doughnut Economics Action Lab]. Listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAz0bOtfVfE Satish Kumar] explaining the conceptual and etymological connection between economy and ecology. <br />
<br />
''Use creative ways of making knowledge accessible''<br />
<br />
#Experiment with new, alternative and accessible ways to create, manage and share knowledge. Use storytelling methods, visualisation and mapping (e.g. GIS), and 1-on-1 discussions as means of communicating knowledge.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [UrbanAPI (Interactive Analysis, Simulation and Visualisation Tools for Urban Agile Policy)|UrbanAPI].<br />
<br />
==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Regional #Participation (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Participation #Solidarity #Power (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4261Informed2022-05-09T16:31:28Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
<br />
''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable|#Responsibility]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], based on collaborative forms of knowledge generation like co-production, co-inquiry, community-based and community-led research, participatory action research and [[Citizen science]], are key processes in the effective co-generation and mobilisation of knowledge. They depend on effective [[Data collection]], and ideally sharing of data, which can draw on the aforementioned citizen science and other forms of collaborative inquiry. This may take place within the context of [[Crowdsourcing]] efforts that invite people from all walks of life to contribute to identifying issues and courses of action. [[Integral meta-mapping]] can also help develop a common language that links different kinds of stakeholder knowledge.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Any [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] requires both that citizens are well-informed, and that their knowledge and insights are taken into account. [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of change]] also means drawing on and bringing together the knowledge of diverse stakeholder groups in a city. Accessing this knowledge means it is necessary to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]], while exchanging knowledge and information is, in itself, an important way to [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges between different stakeholder groups]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is a direct remedy for a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. Wider access to knowledge is crucial to overcoming [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]], and can help address [[Weak(ened) civil society|weakened civil society]]. Sharing knowledge more widely and ensuring that decision-making processes and organizational structures both enable and reflect this is an important part of overcoming unfit institutional structures.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*The big challenge will be to transfer knowledge to citizens and enable citizens to create and share knowledge. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*Design thinking, citizen science and the arts could all play key roles in empowering communities to collect and create collaborative data, and build knowledge commons. (Davie Philip, Sustainable Ireland)<br />
*I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces: How to access information, how to communicate through e-platforms, how to access education, how to access democratic online participation tools. Is information from the city website accessible? Can people understand what it says? Can they see what it says? Are all the city apps accessible?. (Pilar Orero, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''The city as commons, Ghent, Belgium''<br />
<br />
The [https://commonstransition.org/commons-transition-plan-city-ghent/ Ghent Commons Transition Plan] was commissioned by the Mayor and Council of Ghent in Northern Flanders. <br />
<br />
Its aim was to document and understand the emergence of the commons in the city in order to identify what forms of public policy could best support its further growth. It was developed on the basis of a broad participatory inquiry during early 2017, which aimed to capture the knowledge of those involved in sustainability and equity initiatives across the city. A key outcome was understanding the city itself as a commons, in which active co-creation and exchange of knowledge support collaborative action between authorities and local residents. One such initiative explored in the process was the [https://stad.gent/en/city-governance-organisation/featured-projects/living-streets Living Streets project], which supports citizens in redefining urban spaces by closing streets to traffic for extended periods.<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Connect economy and ecology in learning programmes''<br />
<br />
#Reconsider and redevelop what knowledge we teach and how we teach it by incorporating sustainability and justice (e.g. Doughnut Economics) in curriculums and other learning programmes.<br />
#In economics programmes in particular, champion the need for a curriculum which includes an ecological perspective, recognising that these two concepts are intrinsically connected.<br />
<br />
Learn about the [https://doughnuteconomics.org/ Doughnut Economics Action Lab]. Listen to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAz0bOtfVfE Satish Kumar] explaining the conceptual and etymological connection between economy and ecology. <br />
<br />
''Use creative ways of making knowledge accessible''<br />
<br />
#Experiment with new, alternative and accessible ways to create, manage and share knowledge. Use storytelling methods, visualisation and mapping (e.g. GIS), and 1-on-1 discussions as means of communicating knowledge.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [UrbanAPI (Interactive Analysis, Simulation and Visualisation Tools for Urban Agile Policy)|UrbanAPI].<br />
<br />
==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Regional #Participation (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Participation #Solidarity #Power (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4260Informed2022-05-09T16:23:54Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
<br />
''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable|#Responsibility]] [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], based on collaborative forms of knowledge generation like co-production, co-inquiry, community-based and community-led research, participatory action research and [[Citizen science]], are key processes in the effective co-generation and mobilisation of knowledge. They depend on effective [[Data collection]], and ideally sharing of data, which can draw on the aforementioned citizen science and other forms of collaborative inquiry. This may take place within the context of [[Crowdsourcing]] efforts that invite people from all walks of life to contribute to identifying issues and courses of action. [[Integral meta-mapping]] can also help develop a common language that links different kinds of stakeholder knowledge.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Any [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] requires both that citizens are well-informed, and that their knowledge and insights are taken into account. [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|Creating a comprehensive vision of change]] also means drawing on and bringing together the knowledge of diverse stakeholder groups in a city. Accessing this knowledge means it is necessary to [[Tap into existing community networks|tap into existing community networks]], while exchanging knowledge and information is, in itself, an important way to [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges between different stakeholder groups]].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is a direct remedy for a lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities. Wider access to knowledge is crucial to overcoming limited citizen participation in urban planning, and can help address weakened civil society. Sharing knowledge more widely and ensuring that decision-making processes and organizational structures both enable and reflect this is an important part of overcoming unfit institutional structures.<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Regional #Participation (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Participation #Solidarity #Power (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4259Informed2022-05-09T16:18:57Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Finance - We need new ways of funding */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
<br />
''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Accessibility #Responsibility #Participation (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Regional #Participation (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Participation #Solidarity #Power (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Informed&diff=4258Informed2022-05-09T16:18:22Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Finance - We need new ways of funding */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities informed:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVF8j1VqTC0</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Finance - We need new ways of funding==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities take a critical and values-led approach to the accumulation, use and distribution of capital. Individuals and local governments reorient their consumption to value positive social and environmental outcomes. Governments at all levels play a significant role in funding sustainable and just institutions, while divesting from the ones that do not match their values. Ethical procurement and accurate certification (e.g. fair trade, organic) is promoted.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [#ResearchAndInnovation - Justice is hardwired into research & innovation projects on urban sustainability|#ResearchAndInnovation]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Responsibility - City-makers take responsibility and are held accountable |#Responsibility]] <br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] respond to the need for and the wish to build regenerative, equitable and democratic economies. One innovative approach to new ways of funding is [[Participatory budgeting]], a democratic process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget. The approach gives people real power over real money. It creates opportunities for citizens to directly participate and engage in policy debates and funding, promotes transparency and provides historically excluded citizens access to important decision-making venues. Other approaches that activate this key are [[Crowdsourcing]], [[Beyond GDP indicators]], [[Right to housing]], and [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
The governance arrangement that best enables this key is [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|“developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements,”]] which puts initiatives less at risk of failure or severe hardship when funding sources disappear. For example, many communities’ initiatives heavily rely on public funding which, as we saw with the Covid-19 pandemic, could become less stable in times of austerity or shifting of political priorities. More resilient financial arrangements involve considering and mitigating these risks where possible. However, these finance sources should be aligned with the values of the initiative, alongside its environmental and social goals.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key challenges the driver of injustice [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism|“neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism,”]] in that it acts against privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. It also works to overcome the ideology of unfettered economic growth, which often aligns with austerity policies. This key also directly addresses the driver of injustice [[Material and livelihood inequalities|“material and livelihood inequalities”]] as urban sustainability efforts reflect the distribution of economic resources, and can therefore reinforce or work to address unjust outcomes. This key also addresses [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]], in which residents have little say in how public money is spent, and [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]], which manifests when public offices and administrations stand in the way of developing fitting financial schemes that truly enable sustainable and just cities. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*We need to explore more ways of public funding for the urban commons.<br />
*Residents need to have a say in how public money is spent.<br />
*There should be more financial opportunities for communities and residents who want to engage in making their neighbourhoods more just and sustainable.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Inclusive waste management, Rzgow, Poland''<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Municipality of Rzgow (Poland) launched a procurement tender, which aimed at coupling their sustainability waste management plan with social inclusion.<br />
<br />
The City announced a reserved tender procedure which would award marginalized groups with a contract for waste management. In this tender, marginalized groups were persons falling in one (or more) out of several categories: Unemployed persons, persons deprived of liberty of released from prisons, persons with mental disorders, homeless persons, persons granted refugee status or persons belonging to disadvantaged minorities. The tender also included environmental requirements, such as standards for recycling, recovery and reuse in line with the local sustainability plan. The tender was won by Komunalka Rzgów, a local social cooperative employing long-term unemployed people and people with disabilities. The main activity of the cooperative was to be responsible for the collection and sorting of waste. This example shows how cities can take ownership of their funding and re-channel money towards initiatives that centre environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive activities. <br />
<br />
You can read more about this inspirational example [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e8cf51d0-f632-11ea-991b-01aa75ed71a1 here] (p. 174).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Lobby for new funding opportunities and criteria''<br />
<br />
#Advocate and lobby for new funding opportunities and reallocate existing funding for initiatives which have the potential of strengthening the link between justice and sustainability.<br />
#(Re)consider exclusionary requirements to get funding and make justice and sustainability part of the funding criteria (e.g. climate-sensitive participatory budgeting, positive discrimination).<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Participatory budgeting]]. <br />
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''Make wide-ranging funding opportunities visible''<br />
<br />
#Make an overview of funding streams across different sectors as to help initiatives working on justice and sustainability to become aware of different funding opportunities. <br />
#Provide support in accessing these fundings (e.g. municipalities providing consulting for local communities in applying these funds).<br />
#Private actors and philanthropic organisations wishing to support specific social groups can benefit from identifying and working with non-profits who have pre-existing connections to these groups.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/ecohuis-antwerpen/nieuws Ecohouse Antwerp], a one-stop-shop for households offering all city services on sustainable building and living, also giving loans or grants. [https://open.spotify.com/episode/3uTEx4LPVsOSbU9Twtsxmp Listen to Tom Meeuws, Deputy Mayor of Antwerp], talk about his city's work.<br />
<br />
==#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community==<br />
<br />
Creating sustainable and just cities is a learning process. Knowledge is created through collaboration at the community level between policy-makers, planners, residents and others. All benefit from this knowledge. Policymakers and political actors, including those from higher levels of governance such as the EU and the UN, advocate for tailored approaches and policies based on knowledge commons (collectively created information) and other forms of citizen science.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Accessibility #Responsibility #Participation (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change==<br />
<br />
The inhabitants of sustainable and just cities learn from and with each other as they experiment with social innovation and path-breaking solutions. Though locally-rooted knowledge is vital, its translation to other locations, contexts (e.g. rural areas) and spatial scales (e.g. national, regional, global) inspires transformative change. This is also referred to as “translocal learning.” Cities are connected through networks, but translocally inspired solutions are neither copy-pasted nor imposed top-down; they are shared and then adapted to specific contexts. City-makers are unafraid to share their mistakes, so that all can learn from them.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Regional #Participation (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities support spaces and processes that empower civil society. Grassroots initiatives and other civil society groups and individuals are at the forefront of demands for sustainability and justice. Using their grounded and place-specific experiences, they address issues relating to social inequality, exclusion and injustice alongside ecological unsustainability, often highlighting health, security, livelihoods and other at-risk considerations for the well-being of vulnerable populations.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Participation #Solidarity #Power (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4257Regenerative2022-05-09T15:56:59Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential */</p>
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<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
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<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
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#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
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''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
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==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art and culture have an important role in supporting a sustainable and just transition in cities. One potential pathway is to achieve a tangible or physical urban transformation by performing an inclusive and environmentally-friendly process of [[urban development through cultural solutions]]. Moreover, art can also be a tool to connect with traditionally excluded communities in a more creative manner, promoting collective thinking and raising awareness about justice and sustainability issues via approaches such as [[Culture for empowerment]]. <br />
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<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art boosts creativity, and as such, it can be a powerful tool for visualizing an innovative desired shared future, enabling the governance arrangement of [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|“Creating a common vision for change”]]. Similarly, culture is often called the “glue” that holds people together, and therefore, intercultural dialogue can contribute to the governance arrangement of [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|“Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups”]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
[[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]] refers to the ways in which new urban developments might force trade-offs between the social and environmental goals of urban sustainability projects. These processes have been very widespread in the historic city centres. Undertaking regeneration projects that protect cultural and artistic values in their core, such as adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, not only reduces environmental impact (by saving energy and waste) but it also enhances a sense of belonging and social inclusion, respecting the heritage communities around it. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*Art and creativity play an important role in bringing people together and envisioning a more sustainable and just future.<br />
*Though music, drawing, sculpture, theatre and more, artists can influence and help people understand and engage with issues around sustainability and justice.<br />
*Art should not be used only through its creative potential and emotional aspects, but also as a pedagogical tool to bridge the gap between expert and non-expert citizens. Art can help conceptualise ideas that might otherwise be hard to communicate. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Greening city heritage, Bologna, Italy''<br />
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The City of Bologna has transformed Piazza Rossini, one of the squares in the historic city centre, into a permanent pedestrian area, leaving behind its former use as a parking lot. <br />
<br />
This initiative was powered by the Municipality of Bologna, the University of Bologna and Fondazione Innovazione Urbana. The initial idea of greening Piazza Rossini in an effort to restore social and cultural values of the square emerged during the participatory laboratory “U-Lab,” attended by more than 250 participants in 2018. Based on this lab, a group of university students designed the project and a green carpet was temporarily installed during the summer of 2020. With an average daily presence of 27.000 visitors, the area serves as a gathering space. In view of the positive environmental and social impact, the municipality decided to grant a pedestrian use for Piazza Rossini. <br />
<br />
More information available [https://rockproject.eu/news-details/189 here] and here.<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use art as a tool for participation and system change''<br />
<br />
#Make your communication more inclusive, accessible and fun by using art-based methods. Provide these methods as an alternative or addition to verbal consultations. <br />
#Hold vision sessions on the desired change and prototype alternative futures together with the public using creative approaches such as painting, music, and sculpture, temporary installations etc. Explore powerful, art-based methods such as theatre of the oppressed, dragon dreaming etc. <br />
#Use art to make your visions more tangible for both the public and decision-makers (e.g. in artivism), and help them to imagine the change. Enable and encourage citizens to use art to express their ideas for future neighbourhoods, Art can be used to provoke discussion and to inspire action.<br />
#Hire artists as imagination facilitators and dream-catchers.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://dragondreaming.org/ Dragon Dreaming] in project design, [[Culture for empowerment]], and [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
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==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Involving people in shaping their neighbourhoods and cities comes in many forms. [[Community gardens and food|Community gardens]] allow locals to physically engage in sustainable food practices together. [[Transition towns]] and [[Experimentation labs]] centre on the idea that the capacities held in communities are a powerful source of innovation and change. [[Citizen science]] allows non-scientists to take part in scientific research, and the concept of [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] entails congregating different groups to exchange knowledge on complex urban challenges. Finally, re-distributing decision-making power through approaches like [[Participatory budgeting]] is one example of a [[Governance and participation processes|Governance and participation process]] that considers individuals’ priorities in a serious, structured way. <br />
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<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
This key is supported by the governance arrangement, "[[Commit to a meaningful participation process]]". Based on input from the UrbanA Community and the study of many urban initiatives, this governance arrangement describes how participation can be an integral part of collective action towards just and sustainable cities. It outlines important considerations for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives. For example, working continuously towards building trust on both sides -- on the side of community groups, and on the side of local administrations -- is a key element for meaningful (and sustained) engagement and dialogue. Municipalities partnering with trusted community organizations or local “social connectors” can build a foundation for future engagement, especially for those who speak different languages, those with little or no educational background and even young children. Check out a short explanatory video, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9gdMhQ52XA here].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is crucial to addressing [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. This driver of injustice refers to the limited involvement of citizens in decision making around the design, implementation and/or evaluation of urban sustainability-oriented interventions. Giving increased consideration of citizens’ needs and providing opportunities to actively shape initiatives can improve procedural and representational justice in urban sustainability governance. <br />
<br />
This key is also a remedy to a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities|lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. This refers to useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions not being shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines. Ensuring access to this information in inclusive knowledge-sharing formats could give marginalised groups in particular more opportunities to take part in and benefit from urban sustainability initiatives. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“To develop shared visions, purpose, and strategies that enable projects and policy, we need to bring the whole city system into ‘the room’: including voices of residents, managers, business, and civil society”(M.Hamilton).<br />
*“By being included in decisions that affect them, participants own them and consequently solutions are more meaningful and more effectively implemented” (A. Esen).<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Participative governance mechanism, Istanbul, Turkey''<br />
<br />
The Istanbul Municipality has established the Istanbul Planning Agency in 2020 in order to facilitate participative governance mechanisms towards the city's vision of a “green, just and creative city." <br />
<br />
The platform allows locals to join working groups on various themes such as social life, environment, etc. The agency also acts as a facilitating body for several workshops around specific themes and interest groups, such as children-friendly cities and gender-based challenges in the context of Istanbul’s social fabric<br />
<br />
See more [https://ipa.istanbul/ here] and [https://istanbulsenin.istanbul/ here]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use Citizen Assemblies in decision making''<br />
<br />
#Citizen assemblies and panels are great tools to share power, discuss different topics and put forward citizen-led initiatives in decision-making. <br />
#Make sure that the Assembly is representative of the population concerned (e.g. whole population, marginalised groups) and that it has a genuine impact on the decisions.<br />
#Ensure commitment from decision-makers to implement outcomes.<br />
<br />
Learn more about the [https://futureu.europa.eu/?locale=en Conference on the Future of Europe]. Get inspired by the [https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/cop26citizensassembly Glasgow Citizens' Assembly on the Climate Emergency]. See guides on how to start a local-level climate assembly, [https://www.demsoc.org/projects/scotland-climate-assembly here]. <br />
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''Improve the settings for participation''<br />
<br />
#Ensure the safety, accessibility, and openness of the setting. The space for participation should be free of judgement, and sensitive to different opinions, cultures, and social assets.<br />
#Make participation attractive by providing funding and rewards for participation.<br />
#Create and support existing enabling community spaces and forums (e.g. sports, clubs, community centres, religious institutions.)<br />
#Organise events in accessible times and consider evenings and weekends, depending on the target group.<br />
<br />
Find ideas and theories on the OECD webpage on [https://www.oecd.org/gov/innovative-citizen-participation.htm Innovative Citizen Participation]. Learn about the [https://transformativecities.org/ Transformative Cities People's Choice award].<br />
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==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change|#Translocal]] [[#Technology - Digital tools can serve everyone|#Technology]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
In adaptive, experimental initiatives, extra resources are given to learning how to create more sustainable and just cities. [[Experimentation labs]] are places for testing ideas, methods and technologies to address urban challenges. [[Transition towns]] represent a community-oriented approach to experimentation where residents can build resilience and pioneer environmental, economic and social solutions. Smart Cities demonstrate a more technical approach to urban development based on data collection and analysis -- but if made accessible to all, data generated by Smart Cities initiatives can unlock creativity and experimentation in efforts of making cities more responsive to change. Many organizations may not have the willingness or capacity to undertake such experimental approaches: Nonetheless, adaptation is increasingly a part of urban societies. Harnessing nature’s intelligence through [[Nature-based solutions]] is also a smart and effective way for cities to adapt to change. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Urban adaptation can be supported by the governance arrangement, "[[Make space for adaptation and experimentation]]". Based on input from the UrbanA Community and the study of many urban initiatives, this arrangement describes how adaptation and experimentation are both essential and beneficial for initiatives working towards sustainable and just cities. It outlines, for example, how consistent reflection, learning from mistakes and allowing space for detours allows initiatives to remain resilient to and even benefit from change. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Embracing adaptation and experimentation may help overcome a driver of injustice that UrbanA has categorised as [[Unfit institutional structures]] (see video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CfNHtyjSMw here]). This concept refers to structures that can be found in public or private organizations that are characterized by strict, top-down governance and rigid bureaucracies. These limit knowledge generation and exchange, and often result in sustainability policies that fail to address the realities of vulnerable residents. Increased openness to adaptability allows for responsiveness to changing social and economic conditions and better positions initiatives to meet the shifting needs of those they serve. It is a counter-model to organisational rigidity, in which institutions are not willing to change their methods, metrics or objectives. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Adaptation is developed through a pathway approach, a continuously inclusive decision-making process respecting local communities’ vision for a changing future, considering scenario variations and adjusting its premises.” (J. Dinis)<br />
*“Failure is a natural part of experimentation, yet many vulnerable groups cannot afford this risk” (Arena Participant)<br />
*“Experimentation in social justice initiatives can also be a sensitive topic, since those involved already face discrimination and should not feel like they are being “experimented on.” Instead projects should create arrangements where people can adapt, learn and grow.” (Arena Participant) <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Adaptive affordable housing initiative, Brussels, Belgium''<br />
<br />
To address a housing affordability crisis in Brussels, Belgium, an innovative initiative called Community Land Trust Brussels has taken on the role of social real estate developer. <br />
<br />
While they work to develop standardised procedures for their housing developments and lead participatory engagement when possible, the Land Trust team claims that it is essential to reflect upon and adapt to internal learning and external change: “We are constantly reflecting on things... For every part of the operation we regularly rethink how to do it. This happens at the level of the team, and also on the level of our working groups, partner associations, experts and other stakeholders, and the level of our board" (Interview with DePauw, 01.21). Importantly, from the beginning, the Brussels Capital Region, a major financial supporter of the Land Trust, has been responsive to the initiative’s interests, allowing it space to develop its innovative ideas.<br />
<br />
Read more about this inspiration example [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|here]] and [https://www.cltb.be/en/ here].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Experiment for sustainable and just cities''<br />
<br />
#Experiment with innovative solutions when possible and review their success along the way. Don’t be afraid to abandon or adjust the experiment if necessary.<br />
#Ensure the feedback process between the project and the experiment. For example, in events, discuss processes, challenges and failures instead of outcomes.<br />
#In co-creation processes, find a balance between structure and flexibility. Impactful participation implies a possibility for change emerging from the participation process.<br />
<br />
Learn more about the UrbanA Enabling Governance Arrangement, "[[Make space for adaptation and experimentation]]". <br />
<br />
''Facilitate the emergence of sites of change''<br />
<br />
#Recognise the value in vacant and obsolete spaces as sites of change. Facilitate the transformation by identifying these spaces, organising open calls, and providing support for the local communities to take over the spaces (e.g. permits, resources).<br />
<br />
Get inspired by the [https://openheritage.eu/ OpenHeritage project] on adaptive heritage re-use best practices, and the [https://www.clicproject.eu/ CLIC project] for circular reuse of cultural heritage.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4256Regenerative2022-05-09T15:49:49Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
<br />
#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
<br />
''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art and culture have an important role in supporting a sustainable and just transition in cities. One potential pathway is to achieve a tangible or physical urban transformation by performing an inclusive and environmentally-friendly process of [[urban development through cultural solutions]]. Moreover, art can also be a tool to connect with traditionally excluded communities in a more creative manner, promoting collective thinking and raising awareness about justice and sustainability issues via approaches such as [[Culture for empowerment]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art boosts creativity, and as such, it can be a powerful tool for visualizing an innovative desired shared future, enabling the governance arrangement of [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|“Creating a common vision for change”]]. Similarly, culture is often called the “glue” that holds people together, and therefore, intercultural dialogue can contribute to the governance arrangement of [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|“Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups”]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
[[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]] refers to the ways in which new urban developments might force trade-offs between the social and environmental goals of urban sustainability projects. These processes have been very widespread in the historic city centres. Undertaking regeneration projects that protect cultural and artistic values in their core, such as adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, not only reduces environmental impact (by saving energy and waste) but it also enhances a sense of belonging and social inclusion, respecting the heritage communities around it. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Art and creativity play an important role in bringing people together and envisioning a more sustainable and just future.<br />
*Though music, drawing, sculpture, theatre and more, artists can influence and help people understand and engage with issues around sustainability and justice.<br />
*Art should not be used only through its creative potential and emotional aspects, but also as a pedagogical tool to bridge the gap between expert and non-expert citizens. Art can help conceptualise ideas that might otherwise be hard to communicate. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Greening city heritage, Bologna, Italy''<br />
<br />
The City of Bologna has transformed Piazza Rossini, one of the squares in the historic city centre, into a permanent pedestrian area, leaving behind its former use as a parking lot. <br />
<br />
This initiative was powered by the Municipality of Bologna, the University of Bologna and Fondazione Innovazione Urbana. The initial idea of greening Piazza Rossini in an effort to restore social and cultural values of the square emerged during the participatory laboratory “U-Lab,” attended by more than 250 participants in 2018. Based on this lab, a group of university students designed the project and a green carpet was temporarily installed during the summer of 2020. With an average daily presence of 27.000 visitors, the area serves as a gathering space. In view of the positive environmental and social impact, the municipality decided to grant a pedestrian use for Piazza Rossini. <br />
<br />
More information available [https://rockproject.eu/news-details/189 here] and here.<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use art as a tool for participation and system change''<br />
<br />
#Make your communication more inclusive, accessible and fun by using art-based methods. Provide these methods as an alternative or addition to verbal consultations. <br />
#Hold vision sessions on the desired change and prototype alternative futures together with the public using creative approaches such as painting, music, and sculpture, temporary installations etc. Explore powerful, art-based methods such as theatre of the oppressed, dragon dreaming etc. <br />
#Use art to make your visions more tangible for both the public and decision-makers (e.g. in artivism), and help them to imagine the change. Enable and encourage citizens to use art to express their ideas for future neighbourhoods, Art can be used to provoke discussion and to inspire action.<br />
#Hire artists as imagination facilitators and dream-catchers.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://dragondreaming.org/ Dragon Dreaming] in project design, [[Culture for empowerment]], and [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Involving people in shaping their neighbourhoods and cities comes in many forms. [[Community gardens and food|Community gardens]] allow locals to physically engage in sustainable food practices together. [[Transition towns]] and [[Experimentation labs]] centre on the idea that the capacities held in communities are a powerful source of innovation and change. [[Citizen science]] allows non-scientists to take part in scientific research, and the concept of [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] entails congregating different groups to exchange knowledge on complex urban challenges. Finally, re-distributing decision-making power through approaches like [[Participatory budgeting]] is one example of a [[Governance and participation processes|Governance and participation process]] that considers individuals’ priorities in a serious, structured way. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
This key is supported by the governance arrangement, "[[Commit to a meaningful participation process]]". Based on input from the UrbanA Community and the study of many urban initiatives, this governance arrangement describes how participation can be an integral part of collective action towards just and sustainable cities. It outlines important considerations for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives. For example, working continuously towards building trust on both sides -- on the side of community groups, and on the side of local administrations -- is a key element for meaningful (and sustained) engagement and dialogue. Municipalities partnering with trusted community organizations or local “social connectors” can build a foundation for future engagement, especially for those who speak different languages, those with little or no educational background and even young children. Check out a short explanatory video, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9gdMhQ52XA here].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is crucial to addressing [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. This driver of injustice refers to the limited involvement of citizens in decision making around the design, implementation and/or evaluation of urban sustainability-oriented interventions. Giving increased consideration of citizens’ needs and providing opportunities to actively shape initiatives can improve procedural and representational justice in urban sustainability governance. <br />
<br />
This key is also a remedy to a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities|lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. This refers to useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions not being shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines. Ensuring access to this information in inclusive knowledge-sharing formats could give marginalised groups in particular more opportunities to take part in and benefit from urban sustainability initiatives. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“To develop shared visions, purpose, and strategies that enable projects and policy, we need to bring the whole city system into ‘the room’: including voices of residents, managers, business, and civil society”(M.Hamilton).<br />
*“By being included in decisions that affect them, participants own them and consequently solutions are more meaningful and more effectively implemented” (A. Esen).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Participative governance mechanism, Istanbul, Turkey''<br />
<br />
The Istanbul Municipality has established the Istanbul Planning Agency in 2020 in order to facilitate participative governance mechanisms towards the city's vision of a “green, just and creative city." <br />
<br />
The platform allows locals to join working groups on various themes such as social life, environment, etc. The agency also acts as a facilitating body for several workshops around specific themes and interest groups, such as children-friendly cities and gender-based challenges in the context of Istanbul’s social fabric<br />
<br />
See more [https://ipa.istanbul/ here] and [https://istanbulsenin.istanbul/ here]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use Citizen Assemblies in decision making''<br />
<br />
#Citizen assemblies and panels are great tools to share power, discuss different topics and put forward citizen-led initiatives in decision-making. <br />
#Make sure that the Assembly is representative of the population concerned (e.g. whole population, marginalised groups) and that it has a genuine impact on the decisions.<br />
#Ensure commitment from decision-makers to implement outcomes.<br />
<br />
Learn more about the [https://futureu.europa.eu/?locale=en Conference on the Future of Europe]. Get inspired by the [https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/cop26citizensassembly Glasgow Citizens' Assembly on the Climate Emergency]. See guides on how to start a local-level climate assembly, [https://www.demsoc.org/projects/scotland-climate-assembly here]. <br />
<br />
''Improve the settings for participation''<br />
<br />
#Ensure the safety, accessibility, and openness of the setting. The space for participation should be free of judgement, and sensitive to different opinions, cultures, and social assets.<br />
#Make participation attractive by providing funding and rewards for participation.<br />
#Create and support existing enabling community spaces and forums (e.g. sports, clubs, community centres, religious institutions.)<br />
#Organise events in accessible times and consider evenings and weekends, depending on the target group.<br />
<br />
Find ideas and theories on the OECD webpage on [https://www.oecd.org/gov/innovative-citizen-participation.htm Innovative Citizen Participation]. Learn about the [https://transformativecities.org/ Transformative Cities People's Choice award].<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Translocal - Sharing local learning brings transformative change|#Translocal]] [#Technology - Digital tools can serve everyone|#Technology]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
In adaptive, experimental initiatives, extra resources are given to learning how to create more sustainable and just cities. [[Experimentation labs]] are places for testing ideas, methods and technologies to address urban challenges. [[Transition towns]] represent a community-oriented approach to experimentation where residents can build resilience and pioneer environmental, economic and social solutions. Smart Cities demonstrate a more technical approach to urban development based on data collection and analysis -- but if made accessible to all, data generated by Smart Cities initiatives can unlock creativity and experimentation in efforts of making cities more responsive to change. Many organizations may not have the willingness or capacity to undertake such experimental approaches: Nonetheless, adaptation is increasingly a part of urban societies. Harnessing nature’s intelligence through [[Nature-based solutions]] is also a smart and effective way for cities to adapt to change. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Urban adaptation can be supported by the governance arrangement, "[[Make space for adaptation and experimentation]]". Based on input from the UrbanA Community and the study of many urban initiatives, this arrangement describes how adaptation and experimentation are both essential and beneficial for initiatives working towards sustainable and just cities. It outlines, for example, how consistent reflection, learning from mistakes and allowing space for detours allows initiatives to remain resilient to and even benefit from change. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4255Regenerative2022-05-09T15:36:02Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
<br />
#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
<br />
''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art and culture have an important role in supporting a sustainable and just transition in cities. One potential pathway is to achieve a tangible or physical urban transformation by performing an inclusive and environmentally-friendly process of [[urban development through cultural solutions]]. Moreover, art can also be a tool to connect with traditionally excluded communities in a more creative manner, promoting collective thinking and raising awareness about justice and sustainability issues via approaches such as [[Culture for empowerment]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art boosts creativity, and as such, it can be a powerful tool for visualizing an innovative desired shared future, enabling the governance arrangement of [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|“Creating a common vision for change”]]. Similarly, culture is often called the “glue” that holds people together, and therefore, intercultural dialogue can contribute to the governance arrangement of [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|“Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups”]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
[[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]] refers to the ways in which new urban developments might force trade-offs between the social and environmental goals of urban sustainability projects. These processes have been very widespread in the historic city centres. Undertaking regeneration projects that protect cultural and artistic values in their core, such as adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, not only reduces environmental impact (by saving energy and waste) but it also enhances a sense of belonging and social inclusion, respecting the heritage communities around it. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Art and creativity play an important role in bringing people together and envisioning a more sustainable and just future.<br />
*Though music, drawing, sculpture, theatre and more, artists can influence and help people understand and engage with issues around sustainability and justice.<br />
*Art should not be used only through its creative potential and emotional aspects, but also as a pedagogical tool to bridge the gap between expert and non-expert citizens. Art can help conceptualise ideas that might otherwise be hard to communicate. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Greening city heritage, Bologna, Italy''<br />
<br />
The City of Bologna has transformed Piazza Rossini, one of the squares in the historic city centre, into a permanent pedestrian area, leaving behind its former use as a parking lot. <br />
<br />
This initiative was powered by the Municipality of Bologna, the University of Bologna and Fondazione Innovazione Urbana. The initial idea of greening Piazza Rossini in an effort to restore social and cultural values of the square emerged during the participatory laboratory “U-Lab,” attended by more than 250 participants in 2018. Based on this lab, a group of university students designed the project and a green carpet was temporarily installed during the summer of 2020. With an average daily presence of 27.000 visitors, the area serves as a gathering space. In view of the positive environmental and social impact, the municipality decided to grant a pedestrian use for Piazza Rossini. <br />
<br />
More information available [https://rockproject.eu/news-details/189 here] and here.<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use art as a tool for participation and system change''<br />
<br />
#Make your communication more inclusive, accessible and fun by using art-based methods. Provide these methods as an alternative or addition to verbal consultations. <br />
#Hold vision sessions on the desired change and prototype alternative futures together with the public using creative approaches such as painting, music, and sculpture, temporary installations etc. Explore powerful, art-based methods such as theatre of the oppressed, dragon dreaming etc. <br />
#Use art to make your visions more tangible for both the public and decision-makers (e.g. in artivism), and help them to imagine the change. Enable and encourage citizens to use art to express their ideas for future neighbourhoods, Art can be used to provoke discussion and to inspire action.<br />
#Hire artists as imagination facilitators and dream-catchers.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://dragondreaming.org/ Dragon Dreaming] in project design, [[Culture for empowerment]], and [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Involving people in shaping their neighbourhoods and cities comes in many forms. [[Community gardens and food|Community gardens]] allow locals to physically engage in sustainable food practices together. [[Transition towns]] and [[Experimentation labs]] centre on the idea that the capacities held in communities are a powerful source of innovation and change. [[Citizen science]] allows non-scientists to take part in scientific research, and the concept of [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] entails congregating different groups to exchange knowledge on complex urban challenges. Finally, re-distributing decision-making power through approaches like [[Participatory budgeting]] is one example of a [[Governance and participation processes|Governance and participation process]] that considers individuals’ priorities in a serious, structured way. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
This key is supported by the governance arrangement, "[[Commit to a meaningful participation process]]". Based on input from the UrbanA Community and the study of many urban initiatives, this governance arrangement describes how participation can be an integral part of collective action towards just and sustainable cities. It outlines important considerations for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives. For example, working continuously towards building trust on both sides -- on the side of community groups, and on the side of local administrations -- is a key element for meaningful (and sustained) engagement and dialogue. Municipalities partnering with trusted community organizations or local “social connectors” can build a foundation for future engagement, especially for those who speak different languages, those with little or no educational background and even young children. Check out a short explanatory video, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9gdMhQ52XA here].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is crucial to addressing [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. This driver of injustice refers to the limited involvement of citizens in decision making around the design, implementation and/or evaluation of urban sustainability-oriented interventions. Giving increased consideration of citizens’ needs and providing opportunities to actively shape initiatives can improve procedural and representational justice in urban sustainability governance. <br />
<br />
This key is also a remedy to a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities|lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. This refers to useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions not being shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines. Ensuring access to this information in inclusive knowledge-sharing formats could give marginalised groups in particular more opportunities to take part in and benefit from urban sustainability initiatives. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“To develop shared visions, purpose, and strategies that enable projects and policy, we need to bring the whole city system into ‘the room’: including voices of residents, managers, business, and civil society”(M.Hamilton).<br />
*“By being included in decisions that affect them, participants own them and consequently solutions are more meaningful and more effectively implemented” (A. Esen).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Participative governance mechanism, Istanbul, Turkey''<br />
<br />
The Istanbul Municipality has established the Istanbul Planning Agency in 2020 in order to facilitate participative governance mechanisms towards the city's vision of a “green, just and creative city." <br />
<br />
The platform allows locals to join working groups on various themes such as social life, environment, etc. The agency also acts as a facilitating body for several workshops around specific themes and interest groups, such as children-friendly cities and gender-based challenges in the context of Istanbul’s social fabric<br />
<br />
See more [https://ipa.istanbul/ here] and [https://istanbulsenin.istanbul/ here]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use Citizen Assemblies in decision making''<br />
<br />
#Citizen assemblies and panels are great tools to share power, discuss different topics and put forward citizen-led initiatives in decision-making. <br />
#Make sure that the Assembly is representative of the population concerned (e.g. whole population, marginalised groups) and that it has a genuine impact on the decisions.<br />
#Ensure commitment from decision-makers to implement outcomes.<br />
<br />
Learn more about the [https://futureu.europa.eu/?locale=en Conference on the Future of Europe]. Get inspired by the [https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/cop26citizensassembly Glasgow Citizens' Assembly on the Climate Emergency]. See guides on how to start a local-level climate assembly, [https://www.demsoc.org/projects/scotland-climate-assembly here]. <br />
<br />
''Improve the settings for participation''<br />
<br />
#Ensure the safety, accessibility, and openness of the setting. The space for participation should be free of judgement, and sensitive to different opinions, cultures, and social assets.<br />
#Make participation attractive by providing funding and rewards for participation.<br />
#Create and support existing enabling community spaces and forums (e.g. sports, clubs, community centres, religious institutions.)<br />
#Organise events in accessible times and consider evenings and weekends, depending on the target group.<br />
<br />
Find ideas and theories on the OECD webpage on [https://www.oecd.org/gov/innovative-citizen-participation.htm Innovative Citizen Participation]. Learn about the [https://transformativecities.org/ Transformative Cities People's Choice award].<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4254Regenerative2022-05-09T15:34:50Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
<br />
#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
<br />
''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art and culture have an important role in supporting a sustainable and just transition in cities. One potential pathway is to achieve a tangible or physical urban transformation by performing an inclusive and environmentally-friendly process of [[urban development through cultural solutions]]. Moreover, art can also be a tool to connect with traditionally excluded communities in a more creative manner, promoting collective thinking and raising awareness about justice and sustainability issues via approaches such as [[Culture for empowerment]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art boosts creativity, and as such, it can be a powerful tool for visualizing an innovative desired shared future, enabling the governance arrangement of [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|“Creating a common vision for change”]]. Similarly, culture is often called the “glue” that holds people together, and therefore, intercultural dialogue can contribute to the governance arrangement of [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|“Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups”]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
[[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]] refers to the ways in which new urban developments might force trade-offs between the social and environmental goals of urban sustainability projects. These processes have been very widespread in the historic city centres. Undertaking regeneration projects that protect cultural and artistic values in their core, such as adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, not only reduces environmental impact (by saving energy and waste) but it also enhances a sense of belonging and social inclusion, respecting the heritage communities around it. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Art and creativity play an important role in bringing people together and envisioning a more sustainable and just future.<br />
*Though music, drawing, sculpture, theatre and more, artists can influence and help people understand and engage with issues around sustainability and justice.<br />
*Art should not be used only through its creative potential and emotional aspects, but also as a pedagogical tool to bridge the gap between expert and non-expert citizens. Art can help conceptualise ideas that might otherwise be hard to communicate. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Greening city heritage, Bologna, Italy''<br />
<br />
The City of Bologna has transformed Piazza Rossini, one of the squares in the historic city centre, into a permanent pedestrian area, leaving behind its former use as a parking lot. <br />
<br />
This initiative was powered by the Municipality of Bologna, the University of Bologna and Fondazione Innovazione Urbana. The initial idea of greening Piazza Rossini in an effort to restore social and cultural values of the square emerged during the participatory laboratory “U-Lab,” attended by more than 250 participants in 2018. Based on this lab, a group of university students designed the project and a green carpet was temporarily installed during the summer of 2020. With an average daily presence of 27.000 visitors, the area serves as a gathering space. In view of the positive environmental and social impact, the municipality decided to grant a pedestrian use for Piazza Rossini. <br />
<br />
More information available [https://rockproject.eu/news-details/189 here] and here.<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use art as a tool for participation and system change''<br />
<br />
#Make your communication more inclusive, accessible and fun by using art-based methods. Provide these methods as an alternative or addition to verbal consultations. <br />
#Hold vision sessions on the desired change and prototype alternative futures together with the public using creative approaches such as painting, music, and sculpture, temporary installations etc. Explore powerful, art-based methods such as theatre of the oppressed, dragon dreaming etc. <br />
#Use art to make your visions more tangible for both the public and decision-makers (e.g. in artivism), and help them to imagine the change. Enable and encourage citizens to use art to express their ideas for future neighbourhoods, Art can be used to provoke discussion and to inspire action.<br />
#Hire artists as imagination facilitators and dream-catchers.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://dragondreaming.org/ Dragon Dreaming] in project design, [[Culture for empowerment]], and [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Involving people in shaping their neighbourhoods and cities comes in many forms. [[Community gardens and food|Community gardens]] allow locals to physically engage in sustainable food practices together. [[Transition towns]] and [[Experimentation labs]] centre on the idea that the capacities held in communities are a powerful source of innovation and change. [[Citizen science]] allows non-scientists to take part in scientific research, and the concept of [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] entails congregating different groups to exchange knowledge on complex urban challenges. Finally, re-distributing decision-making power through approaches like [[Participatory budgeting]] is one example of a [[Governance and participation process]] that considers individuals’ priorities in a serious, structured way. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
This key is supported by the governance arrangement, [[“Commit to a meaningful participation process”]]. Based on input from the UrbanA Community and the study of many urban initiatives, this governance arrangement describes how participation can be an integral part of collective action towards just and sustainable cities. It outlines important considerations for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives. For example, working continuously towards building trust on both sides -- on the side of community groups, and on the side of local administrations -- is a key element for meaningful (and sustained) engagement and dialogue. Municipalities partnering with trusted community organizations or local “social connectors” can build a foundation for future engagement, especially for those who speak different languages, those with little or no educational background and even young children. Check out a short explanatory video, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9gdMhQ52XA here].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
This key is crucial to addressing [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. This driver of injustice refers to the limited involvement of citizens in decision making around the design, implementation and/or evaluation of urban sustainability-oriented interventions. Giving increased consideration of citizens’ needs and providing opportunities to actively shape initiatives can improve procedural and representational justice in urban sustainability governance. <br />
<br />
This key is also a remedy to a [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities|lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]. This refers to useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions not being shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines. Ensuring access to this information in inclusive knowledge-sharing formats could give marginalised groups in particular more opportunities to take part in and benefit from urban sustainability initiatives. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“To develop shared visions, purpose, and strategies that enable projects and policy, we need to bring the whole city system into ‘the room’: including voices of residents, managers, business, and civil society”(M.Hamilton).<br />
*“By being included in decisions that affect them, participants own them and consequently solutions are more meaningful and more effectively implemented” (A. Esen).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Participative governance mechanism, Istanbul, Turkey''<br />
<br />
The Istanbul Municipality has established the Istanbul Planning Agency in 2020 in order to facilitate participative governance mechanisms towards the city's vision of a “green, just and creative city." <br />
<br />
The platform allows locals to join working groups on various themes such as social life, environment, etc. The agency also acts as a facilitating body for several workshops around specific themes and interest groups, such as children-friendly cities and gender-based challenges in the context of Istanbul’s social fabric<br />
<br />
See more [https://ipa.istanbul/ here] and [https://istanbulsenin.istanbul/ here]. <br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use Citizen Assemblies in decision making''<br />
<br />
#Citizen assemblies and panels are great tools to share power, discuss different topics and put forward citizen-led initiatives in decision-making. <br />
#Make sure that the Assembly is representative of the population concerned (e.g. whole population, marginalised groups) and that it has a genuine impact on the decisions.<br />
#Ensure commitment from decision-makers to implement outcomes.<br />
<br />
Learn more about the [https://futureu.europa.eu/?locale=en Conference on the Future of Europe]. Get inspired by the [https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/cop26citizensassembly Glasgow Citizens' Assembly on the Climate Emergency]. See guides on how to start a local-level climate assembly, [https://www.demsoc.org/projects/scotland-climate-assembly here]. <br />
<br />
''Improve the settings for participation''<br />
<br />
#Ensure the safety, accessibility, and openness of the setting. The space for participation should be free of judgement, and sensitive to different opinions, cultures, and social assets.<br />
#Make participation attractive by providing funding and rewards for participation.<br />
#Create and support existing enabling community spaces and forums (e.g. sports, clubs, community centres, religious institutions.)<br />
#Organise events in accessible times and consider evenings and weekends, depending on the target group.<br />
<br />
Find ideas and theories on the OECD webpage on [https://www.oecd.org/gov/innovative-citizen-participation.htm Innovative Citizen Participation]. Learn about the [https://transformativecities.org/ Transformative Cities People's Choice award].<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4253Regenerative2022-05-09T15:18:15Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
<br />
#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
<br />
''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art and culture have an important role in supporting a sustainable and just transition in cities. One potential pathway is to achieve a tangible or physical urban transformation by performing an inclusive and environmentally-friendly process of [[urban development through cultural solutions]]. Moreover, art can also be a tool to connect with traditionally excluded communities in a more creative manner, promoting collective thinking and raising awareness about justice and sustainability issues via approaches such as [[Culture for empowerment]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art boosts creativity, and as such, it can be a powerful tool for visualizing an innovative desired shared future, enabling the governance arrangement of [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|“Creating a common vision for change”]]. Similarly, culture is often called the “glue” that holds people together, and therefore, intercultural dialogue can contribute to the governance arrangement of [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|“Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups”]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
[[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]] refers to the ways in which new urban developments might force trade-offs between the social and environmental goals of urban sustainability projects. These processes have been very widespread in the historic city centres. Undertaking regeneration projects that protect cultural and artistic values in their core, such as adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, not only reduces environmental impact (by saving energy and waste) but it also enhances a sense of belonging and social inclusion, respecting the heritage communities around it. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Art and creativity play an important role in bringing people together and envisioning a more sustainable and just future.<br />
*Though music, drawing, sculpture, theatre and more, artists can influence and help people understand and engage with issues around sustainability and justice.<br />
*Art should not be used only through its creative potential and emotional aspects, but also as a pedagogical tool to bridge the gap between expert and non-expert citizens. Art can help conceptualise ideas that might otherwise be hard to communicate. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Greening city heritage, Bologna, Italy''<br />
<br />
The City of Bologna has transformed Piazza Rossini, one of the squares in the historic city centre, into a permanent pedestrian area, leaving behind its former use as a parking lot. <br />
<br />
This initiative was powered by the Municipality of Bologna, the University of Bologna and Fondazione Innovazione Urbana. The initial idea of greening Piazza Rossini in an effort to restore social and cultural values of the square emerged during the participatory laboratory “U-Lab,” attended by more than 250 participants in 2018. Based on this lab, a group of university students designed the project and a green carpet was temporarily installed during the summer of 2020. With an average daily presence of 27.000 visitors, the area serves as a gathering space. In view of the positive environmental and social impact, the municipality decided to grant a pedestrian use for Piazza Rossini. <br />
<br />
More information available [https://rockproject.eu/news-details/189 here] and here.<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Use art as a tool for participation and system change''<br />
<br />
#Make your communication more inclusive, accessible and fun by using art-based methods. Provide these methods as an alternative or addition to verbal consultations. <br />
#Hold vision sessions on the desired change and prototype alternative futures together with the public using creative approaches such as painting, music, and sculpture, temporary installations etc. Explore powerful, art-based methods such as theatre of the oppressed, dragon dreaming etc. <br />
#Use art to make your visions more tangible for both the public and decision-makers (e.g. in artivism), and help them to imagine the change. Enable and encourage citizens to use art to express their ideas for future neighbourhoods, Art can be used to provoke discussion and to inspire action.<br />
#Hire artists as imagination facilitators and dream-catchers.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://dragondreaming.org/ Dragon Dreaming] in project design, [[Culture for empowerment]], and [[Urban development through cultural solutions]].<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Power #Diversity #CivilSociety (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4252Regenerative2022-05-09T15:13:31Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
<br />
#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
<br />
''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art and culture have an important role in supporting a sustainable and just transition in cities. One potential pathway is to achieve a tangible or physical urban transformation by performing an inclusive and environmentally-friendly process of [[urban development through cultural solutions]]. Moreover, art can also be a tool to connect with traditionally excluded communities in a more creative manner, promoting collective thinking and raising awareness about justice and sustainability issues via approaches such as [[Culture for Empowerment]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art boosts creativity, and as such, it can be a powerful tool for visualizing an innovative desired shared future, enabling the governance arrangement of [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|“Creating a common vision for change”]]. Similarly, culture is often called the “glue” that holds people together, and therefore, intercultural dialogue can contribute to the governance arrangement of [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|“Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups”]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
[[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]] refers to the ways in which new urban developments might force trade-offs between the social and environmental goals of urban sustainability projects. These processes have been very widespread in the historic city centres. Undertaking regeneration projects that protect cultural and artistic values in their core, such as adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, not only reduces environmental impact (by saving energy and waste) but it also enhances a sense of belonging and social inclusion, respecting the heritage communities around it. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*Art and creativity play an important role in bringing people together and envisioning a more sustainable and just future.<br />
*Though music, drawing, sculpture, theatre and more, artists can influence and help people understand and engage with issues around sustainability and justice.<br />
*Art should not be used only through its creative potential and emotional aspects, but also as a pedagogical tool to bridge the gap between expert and non-expert citizens. Art can help conceptualise ideas that might otherwise be hard to communicate. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Greening city heritage, Bologna, Italy''<br />
<br />
The City of Bologna has transformed Piazza Rossini, one of the squares in the historic city centre, into a permanent pedestrian area, leaving behind its former use as a parking lot. <br />
<br />
This initiative was powered by the Municipality of Bologna, the University of Bologna and Fondazione Innovazione Urbana. The initial idea of greening Piazza Rossini in an effort to restore social and cultural values of the square emerged during the participatory laboratory “U-Lab,” attended by more than 250 participants in 2018. Based on this lab, a group of university students designed the project and a green carpet was temporarily installed during the summer of 2020. With an average daily presence of 27.000 visitors, the area serves as a gathering space. In view of the positive environmental and social impact, the municipality decided to grant a pedestrian use for Piazza Rossini. <br />
<br />
More information available [https://rockproject.eu/news-details/189 here] and here.<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Power #Diversity #CivilSociety (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4251Regenerative2022-05-09T15:04:38Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
<br />
#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
<br />
''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity|#Diversity]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Art and culture have an important role in supporting a sustainable and just transition in cities. One potential pathway is to achieve a tangible or physical urban transformation by performing an inclusive and environmentally-friendly process of urban development through cultural solutions. Moreover, art can also be a tool to connect with traditionally excluded communities in a more creative manner, promoting collective thinking and raising awareness about justice and sustainability issues via approaches such as Culture for Empowerment. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Power #Diversity #CivilSociety (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4250Regenerative2022-05-09T14:56:44Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal''<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
''Think and act beyond municipal and regional borders''<br />
<br />
#Adopt a flexible and cross-border (“bioregion”) lens in policy-making. Instead of being bounded by administrative and political borders, reconsider the spatial scale based on human and ecosystemic communities.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/ Agrocite in Colombes], Paris, which supports the emergence of alternative models of living, producing and consuming between the urban and rural. <br />
<br />
''Facilitate regional exchange with shared online platforms''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Explore this [https://civics.cc/en/acerca civic innovation map], developed by citizens as a means of learning about and engaging with civic innovations from across Ibero-American communities.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Accessibility #Diversity #Knowledge (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Power #Diversity #CivilSociety (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4249Regenerative2022-05-09T14:50:54Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*"Cities have a role to put inhabitants in direct contact with natural processes to foster care for nature and for each other (e.g. river, agroforestry, food production)"<br />
*"Cities translate broad strategies (global, European, regional) into reality, yet these strategies are frequently decoupled from local realities and capacities."<br />
*"Local voices are frequently excluded when it comes to making decisions on regional structures (such as managing natural resources or infrastructure) that influence life in their neighbourhoods."<br />
*"Most people living in cities have a daily life that is somewhat separated from a direct and conscious experience of big issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity or hunger." <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' 'Access to natural landscapes, Cascais, Portugal<br />
<br />
The municipality of Cascais, Portugal, took the lead to enable a regional governance scheme for a national park and erode the usual separation of urban and natural areas when it comes to having access to high-value natural and cultural landscapes.<br />
<br />
One-third of Cascais’ territory is classified as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape value and is managed by national authorities. With more than 14.500 hectares, the reality is that there are many stakeholders for the park -- public and private -- affecting its use and conditions. This complex governance situation usually results in untapped potential in terms of the social fulfilment and well-being of the population in the region, as well as for enhancement of ecosystem services.<br />
<br />
Cascais had the political vision and will to initiate a collaborative and proactive governance scheme for the park’s management. It facilitated partnerships between stakeholders to restore its biodiversity and landscapes and to promote responsible and sustainable uses, like recreation. One such example is the Pisão Farm, owned by a social NGO, in which 360 hectares have been restored to merge the natural and cultural values of sustainable forest and agriculture management with landscape and ecosystem restoration. The farm is now a valuable tourism and leisure centre visited by thousands each year.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Adopt and promote regional product labels''<br />
<br />
#Create and democratise regional platforms for e.g. information-sharing, participation processes and citizen-led initiatives. Use these platforms to engage citizens in regional policies. <br />
#Collaborate with municipalities across administrative borders.<br />
<br />
Read more about projects like [https://www.geneveterroir-plateforme-grta.ch/ GRTA from Geneva], which promote direct sales and local food production and consumption. The [https://monnaie-leman.org/ Monnaie Leman] case from Geneva also promotes regional integration. Further examples of [[Sustainable food supply chains]] are available too.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Accessibility #Diversity #Knowledge (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Power #Diversity #CivilSociety (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4248Regenerative2022-05-09T14:44:45Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Developing a [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive vision of change]] that can include and integrate aspirations from the regional level down to the local and community level is crucial for achieving greater sustainability and justice. Such a vision needs to go beyond words and actually shape policies, urban planning and small-scale interventions. As such, its implementation needs to come along with capacity- and relationship-building processes to empower it. [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|Building bridges between separate stakeholder groups] and [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|Committing to a meaningful participation process]] are two such governance arrangements. They enable communication and broker information between different stakeholders and within institutions (effectively breaking silos), building up trust, as well as furthering inclusive and decentralised democratic participation.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Seeing cities as interdependent and integrated members of a region addresses the lack of coordinated policy and effective decision-making by urban governance institutions at different scales ([[Unfit institutional structures]]). It also addresses the insufficient, ineffective and limited participation in urban development: [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] and [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]). Regional thinking can bring a deeper capacity to listening, planning, intervening and learning in a way that breaks the status quo in terms of both sustainability and justice, especially in regard to decision making for investments and the distribution of resource flows ([[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Accessibility #Diversity #Knowledge (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Power #Diversity #CivilSociety (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Regenerative&diff=4247Regenerative2022-05-09T14:41:53Z<p>Sophia Silverton: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities regenerative:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CaVtCctO84&t=2s</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities have strong, circular and equitable links with one another in the context of a wider region, supporting both urban and rural areas. They support decentralized and collaborative economic and planning approaches, in which individual responsibility is balanced with the well-being of the region as a whole. These cities are attuned to the interconnected natural and human systems in their region: infrastructure, resource and waste flows, as well as cultural and social behaviours. With growing translocal challenges, cities can reorient goods and services to their nearby surroundings, decreasing environmental impacts and increasing resilience to crises.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Knowledge - Knowledge is owned and managed by the community|#Knowledge]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Enhancing the mutually beneficial development of cities and their regions for the broader purposes of sustainability and justice can be activated by three groups of approaches and goals. The first is to enable dialogue and mutual learning between civil society, the scientific community and policy makers, paying close attention to the inclusion of diverse voices and of knowledge coming from experience. This can take place via [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage|Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]], [[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]], [[Data Collection]], [[Pathways and scenarios]]. The second is to support and strengthen innovative governance processes that allow for effective and empowered participation by all stakeholders, for instance via [[Democratic innovation through recognition]], [[Governance and participation processes]] or [[Participatory budgeting]]. Finally, the third is to ensure that the initiatives and policies that are shaping the territory and people’s mindsets and behaviours can engender learning in a systemic and integral way from interventions, namely in terms of their design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Some concrete approaches are [[Community gardens and food]], Social food movements, [[Sustainable food supply chains]], [[Nature-based solutions]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], and [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
==#Art - Art creates a sense of belonging, and has the power to transform places==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities promote cultural, artistic and creative activities. Artistic practices help overcome verbal and emotional barriers, and can build shared values such as justice and belonging. The arts play a crucial role in political expression and education, in that they enable much needed social dialogue within and between communities. From there, people can make use of this exchange of local knowledge to promote visions for sustainable and just cities. Moreover, a sense of belonging and togetherness created in urban cultural and historic areas helps empower communities for a just transition.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Accessibility #Diversity #Knowledge (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities offer all people the opportunity to deliberate on and co-create plans and policies. The historic lack of platform and unequal power given to some groups in decision making are actively addressed. Participation is not just a buzzword with a standard set of expected steps or outcomes. Rather, it is an evolving process that empowers people to shape their cities in ways that respond to their needs and aspirations. By governing through meaningful participation, outcomes are more inclusive and effective, and are genuinely supported by the public.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Power #Diversity #CivilSociety (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
<br />
<br />
==#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities go beyond being open to change, they have a spirit of continuous adaptation. Disruptive changes, such as climate change and global pandemics, aggravate systemic inequalities. City-makers stay alert to these, as well as unintended consequences from their actions and are prepared to learn from potential failures. They embrace just transformation through a flexible and reflexive approach. They adapt along the way, based on emerging opportunities, needs and ongoing experience.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Knowledge #Translocal #Technology (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4246Caring2022-05-09T12:05:09Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
<br />
A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
<br />
Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
<br />
The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
<br />
See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
<br />
''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
<br />
Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
<br />
==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
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In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
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This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
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Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
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<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
<br />
#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
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See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
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''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
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#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
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Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
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==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Several approaches can activate this key to make cities more sustainable and just. To unlock the true power of diversity, we need to build [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], foster [[Democratic innovation through recognition|democratic innovation through recognition]], nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]] and [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]]. Each of these approaches provides pathways for invigorating, expanding and appreciating diversity as a necessary building block in creating resilient, just and sustainable cities.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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To justly recognize diversity, a true [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commitment to meaningful participation]] is needed. This means that inclusion is not only supported as a ‘head nod’ or in a ‘check-box’ mode, but rather that sufficient efforts go into the meaningful involvement and leadership of diverse people and collectives. It is also crucial that this applies to power structures, and is present in each step of the planning and decision-making process. This can be achieved by [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]] and [[Make space for adaptation and experimentation|making space for adaptation and experimentation]]. Another important way to facilitate diversity is by [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between different stakeholder groups]]. This means that not only is diversity acknowledged and encouraged, but that these diverse actors are brought together for meaningful collaboration, which ultimately underpins the design of holistic and intersectional solutions.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Unacknowledged #Diversity drives many forms of urban injustice and leads to [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]]. Not recognizing the diversity of citizens and their needs can lead to [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Only a city that acknowledges and addresses the diversity of its citizens and their needs at the level of local politics and praxis, can be truly just and sustainable. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“I think this key is useful as long as the protagonists participate in the process of policy-making. Creating policies for marginalised people without marginalised people has been shown to be inefficient.” (Begoña Pérez Pérez)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Celebrating diversity via food, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Graz, Austria''<br />
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In 2020 in Upper Austria, a number of participants came together for two cooking classes. However, these were not classes to teach how to make Wiener Schnitzel or apple strudel; instead, participants learned about the secrets and histories of Bosnian and Arabic foods, and co-created wonderful meals.<br />
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This is the activity that took place as part of the [http://www.urbandiversity.eu/about/ Urban Diversity project], which aims to stir the creativity and improve the economic performance of small- and medium-sized companies and enterprises led by migrant entrepreneurs in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Graz (Austria). The project highlights the presence and creativity of migrant entrepreneurs while also promoting intercultural understanding, openness and tolerance, facilitating their integration into the local community. Projects such as Diverse Cities not only promote the work of ethnically diverse individuals and enterprises, but contribute to the meaningful empowerment of individuals from varied origins, deepening and enriching the everyday representation of their cultures and histories. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Invest in proactive inclusion measures''<br />
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#Ensure that environmental planning and decision-making is accessible to all urban residents through concrete measures, e.g. accessible language and awareness-raising campaigns. <br />
#Participate in the work of the people you are working with (e.g. citizen- and community-led initiatives), and approach them, instead of expecting them to approach you first.<br />
#Involve mediators who can understand conflicts and diverging perspectives. Ensure that civil servants receive the right training.<br />
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Learn more about [https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/91909-advanced-environmental-planning university-community partnerships] that embrace participatory action research as a planning strategy. <br />
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''Identify and learn from marginalised groups''<br />
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#Identify marginalised and excluded groups, and learn from them about their needs and wishes. Attend their events in their spaces and discuss directly with them about their needs, goals and motives. Using this information, and the direct relationships, to plan together on how they can engage in the decision-making process and activities.<br />
#Cooperate with civil society organisations run by or representing marginalised groups when planning actions and activities.<br />
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Learn more about [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for the inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], and about [[Democratic innovation through recognition|Democratic innovation through recognition]]. Also learn about projects like [http://www.citispyce.eu/ CITISPYCE] which seek to engage disadvantaged and marginalised youth in European cities, and afford them greater inclusion in policy making processes.<br />
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==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
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In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential|#Adaptation]] [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Several approaches activate this key to opening possibilities for more sustainable and just cities. To unlock the true power of nature we need to [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation|rethink governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], rely on [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]] and nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]]. Each of these approaches provides orientations, pathways and tools for invigorating, expanding and appreciating nature. They also help to conceptualise nature as inseparable from culture, environmental governance, problem-solving and comprehensive understandings of urban sustainability and justice. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Nature’s vitality and potential in urban settings are stimulated through various means: [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive visions of change]] that are broad, integrated, and work from the bottom up; commitment to a [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] that can assure that the visioning process is well informed by community aspirations and localized placemaking potential; and [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] to understand what is possible and makes the most sense in a given socio-ecological context. [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|Developing resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is also needed to assure the capacity to implement the vision.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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If integrated in an inclusive way, #Nature can help cities to overcome differentiations in [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. Urban #Nature is also crucial in dealing with [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]], particularly in the context of unquestioned neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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n/a<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Preventing floods with a stormwater park, Malmö, Sweden''<br />
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Inaugurated in 2020, the [[https://malmo.se/Uppleva-och-gora/Natur-och-parker/Parker-i-Malmo/Dagvattenparken.html Dagvattenparken]] (Stormwater Park) in the Hyllie district of Southern Malmö combines green and blue infrastructure in a rapidly growing city. <br />
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The park provides a stormwater reservoir for more than 6,600 m3 of water, which is much needed due to heavier rainfalls in the last few years. The scenic park, with its pedestrian and bicycle paths, a bridge to look over the treetops and meadow also serve as an oasis for the local habitants. The surrounding city is characterized by its young, diverse, multicultural and growing population, but also by its increasing densification. The rainwater park is an effort to simultaneously incorporate more nature into an urban area, manage the impacts of climate change and address equal access to nature in a dense city.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Support projects which help us think differently about our relationship with nature''<br />
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#Redefine conceptions of who and what has rights, including sentient animals and even natural features inside and outside cities to better protect and regenerate nature.<br />
#Be inspired by successful legal battles to award personhood and legal rights to national parks, rivers and other natural bodies.<br />
#Reflecting on what is indigeneous, create stories from and around natural features in the city so it belongs as an explicit part of the neighbourhoods and help the inhabitants relate to them and help them become guardians of nature.<br />
#Adopt different ways of defining, understanding and experiencing nature, with up-stream salutogenic design and attention to different and civic-based worldviews, value systems, organising ideas and mental models overcoming techno-science approaches.<br />
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Read more about [[Urban Gardening Peace Project|Wuppertal's Urban Gardening Peace Project]]. Read about debates over the [https://duncan-crowley.medium.com/ag-si%C3%BAl-go-dt%C3%AD-an-tsaoil-le-aoibhneas-47e9ee042ed7 meaning of indigeneity] in the modern world. Listen to the [https://podcastaddict.com/episode/62649421 Designers of Paradise podcast] on initiatives experimenting with agricultural approaches to natural restoration. <br />
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''Harness the potential of nature-based solutions for justice''<br />
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#Foster nature-based solutions (NBS) which can, in addition to technical innovations, strengthen access to nature and ecosystem services. Reflect and invest in the social benefits of NBS.<br />
#Limit heat stress, Improve water quality and reduce flooding by using green roofs,city parks and natural stormwater management systems . <br />
#Ensure that nature-based solutions and the unique cultural characteristics of neighbourhoods go hand-in-hand while preventing green gentrification.<br />
#Provide multi-functional green spaces which support both the adaptation to climate change and sports and recreation. These spaces are also important for local community-building and increase the attractiveness of the neighbourhood.<br />
#Protect against so-called “Green gentrification” by ensuring that the benefits of NBS are distributed across society.<br />
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Learn more about [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]]. Read about projects like [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/ GreenLULUs] on the distribution of urban greening benefits. <br />
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''Foster urban biodiversity using mapping tools''<br />
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#Gather high-quality data by mapping and analysing the accessibility and quality of green spaces using GIS tools and participatory crowdsourcing and mapping. <br />
#Commit to address biodiversity imbalances, use funding and regulations as tools for fostering urban and biodiverse nature.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2020-08-05-in-south-africa-access-to-urban-green-areas-remains-a-white-privilege.html Mapping access to green spaces] in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4245Caring2022-05-09T12:03:18Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities */</p>
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<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
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==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
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A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
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Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
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The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
<br />
See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
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''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
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Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
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==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
<br />
In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
<br />
This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
<br />
Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
<br />
#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
<br />
See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
<br />
''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
<br />
#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
<br />
Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
<br />
==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Several approaches can activate this key to make cities more sustainable and just. To unlock the true power of diversity, we need to build [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], foster [[Democratic innovation through recognition|democratic innovation through recognition]], nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]] and [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]]. Each of these approaches provides pathways for invigorating, expanding and appreciating diversity as a necessary building block in creating resilient, just and sustainable cities.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
To justly recognize diversity, a true [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commitment to meaningful participation]] is needed. This means that inclusion is not only supported as a ‘head nod’ or in a ‘check-box’ mode, but rather that sufficient efforts go into the meaningful involvement and leadership of diverse people and collectives. It is also crucial that this applies to power structures, and is present in each step of the planning and decision-making process. This can be achieved by [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]] and [[Make space for adaptation and experimentation|making space for adaptation and experimentation]]. Another important way to facilitate diversity is by [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between different stakeholder groups]]. This means that not only is diversity acknowledged and encouraged, but that these diverse actors are brought together for meaningful collaboration, which ultimately underpins the design of holistic and intersectional solutions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Unacknowledged #Diversity drives many forms of urban injustice and leads to [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]]. Not recognizing the diversity of citizens and their needs can lead to [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Only a city that acknowledges and addresses the diversity of its citizens and their needs at the level of local politics and praxis, can be truly just and sustainable. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“I think this key is useful as long as the protagonists participate in the process of policy-making. Creating policies for marginalised people without marginalised people has been shown to be inefficient.” (Begoña Pérez Pérez)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Celebrating diversity via food, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Graz, Austria''<br />
<br />
In 2020 in Upper Austria, a number of participants came together for two cooking classes. However, these were not classes to teach how to make Wiener Schnitzel or apple strudel; instead, participants learned about the secrets and histories of Bosnian and Arabic foods, and co-created wonderful meals.<br />
<br />
This is the activity that took place as part of the [http://www.urbandiversity.eu/about/ Urban Diversity project], which aims to stir the creativity and improve the economic performance of small- and medium-sized companies and enterprises led by migrant entrepreneurs in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Graz (Austria). The project highlights the presence and creativity of migrant entrepreneurs while also promoting intercultural understanding, openness and tolerance, facilitating their integration into the local community. Projects such as Diverse Cities not only promote the work of ethnically diverse individuals and enterprises, but contribute to the meaningful empowerment of individuals from varied origins, deepening and enriching the everyday representation of their cultures and histories. <br />
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<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Invest in proactive inclusion measures''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that environmental planning and decision-making is accessible to all urban residents through concrete measures, e.g. accessible language and awareness-raising campaigns. <br />
#Participate in the work of the people you are working with (e.g. citizen- and community-led initiatives), and approach them, instead of expecting them to approach you first.<br />
#Involve mediators who can understand conflicts and diverging perspectives. Ensure that civil servants receive the right training.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/91909-advanced-environmental-planning university-community partnerships] that embrace participatory action research as a planning strategy. <br />
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''Identify and learn from marginalised groups''<br />
<br />
#Identify marginalised and excluded groups, and learn from them about their needs and wishes. Attend their events in their spaces and discuss directly with them about their needs, goals and motives. Using this information, and the direct relationships, to plan together on how they can engage in the decision-making process and activities.<br />
#Cooperate with civil society organisations run by or representing marginalised groups when planning actions and activities.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for the inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], and about [[Democratic innovation through recognition|Democratic innovation through recognition]]. Also learn about projects like [http://www.citispyce.eu/ CITISPYCE] which seek to engage disadvantaged and marginalised youth in European cities, and afford them greater inclusion in policy making processes.<br />
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==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
<br />
In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential|#Adaptation]] [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Several approaches activate this key to opening possibilities for more sustainable and just cities. To unlock the true power of nature we need to [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation|rethink governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], rely on [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]] and nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]]. Each of these approaches provides orientations, pathways and tools for invigorating, expanding and appreciating nature. They also help to conceptualise nature as inseparable from culture, environmental governance, problem-solving and comprehensive understandings of urban sustainability and justice. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Nature’s vitality and potential in urban settings are stimulated through various means: [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive visions of change]] that are broad, integrated, and work from the bottom up; commitment to a [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] that can assure that the visioning process is well informed by community aspirations and localized placemaking potential; and [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] to understand what is possible and makes the most sense in a given socio-ecological context. [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|Developing resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is also needed to assure the capacity to implement the vision.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
If integrated in an inclusive way, #Nature can help cities to overcome differentiations in [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. Urban #Nature is also crucial in dealing with [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]], particularly in the context of unquestioned neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism.<br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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n/a<br />
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<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Preventing floods with a stormwater park, Malmö, Sweden''<br />
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Inaugurated in 2020, the [[https://malmo.se/Uppleva-och-gora/Natur-och-parker/Parker-i-Malmo/Dagvattenparken.html Dagvattenparken]] (Stormwater Park) in the Hyllie district of Southern Malmö combines green and blue infrastructure in a rapidly growing city. <br />
<br />
The park provides a stormwater reservoir for more than 6,600 m3 of water, which is much needed due to heavier rainfalls in the last few years. The scenic park, with its pedestrian and bicycle paths, a bridge to look over the treetops and meadow also serve as an oasis for the local habitants. The surrounding city is characterized by its young, diverse, multicultural and growing population, but also by its increasing densification. The rainwater park is an effort to simultaneously incorporate more nature into an urban area, manage the impacts of climate change and address equal access to nature in a dense city.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Support projects which help us think differently about our relationship with nature''<br />
<br />
#Redefine conceptions of who and what has rights, including sentient animals and even natural features inside and outside cities to better protect and regenerate nature.<br />
#Be inspired by successful legal battles to award personhood and legal rights to national parks, rivers and other natural bodies.<br />
#Reflecting on what is indigeneous, create stories from and around natural features in the city so it belongs as an explicit part of the neighbourhoods and help the inhabitants relate to them and help them become guardians of nature.<br />
#Adopt different ways of defining, understanding and experiencing nature, with up-stream salutogenic design and attention to different and civic-based worldviews, value systems, organising ideas and mental models overcoming techno-science approaches.<br />
<br />
Read more about [[Urban Gardening Peace Project|Wuppertal's Urban Gardening Peace Project]]. Read about debates over the [https://duncan-crowley.medium.com/ag-si%C3%BAl-go-dt%C3%AD-an-tsaoil-le-aoibhneas-47e9ee042ed7 meaning of indigeneity] in the modern world. Listen to the [https://podcastaddict.com/episode/62649421 Designers of Paradise podcast] on initiatives experimenting with agricultural approaches to natural restoration. <br />
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''Harness the potential of nature-based solutions for justice''<br />
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#Foster nature-based solutions (NBS) which can, in addition to technical innovations, strengthen access to nature and ecosystem services. Reflect and invest in the social benefits of NBS.<br />
#Limit heat stress, Improve water quality and reduce flooding by using green roofs,city parks and natural stormwater management systems . <br />
#Ensure that nature-based solutions and the unique cultural characteristics of neighbourhoods go hand-in-hand while preventing green gentrification.<br />
#Provide multi-functional green spaces which support both the adaptation to climate change and sports and recreation. These spaces are also important for local community-building and increase the attractiveness of the neighbourhood.<br />
#Protect against so-called “Green gentrification” by ensuring that the benefits of NBS are distributed across society.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]]. Read about projects like [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/ GreenLULUs] on the distribution of urban greening benefits. <br />
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''Foster urban biodiversity using mapping tools''<br />
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#Gather high-quality data by mapping and analysing the accessibility and quality of green spaces using GIS tools and participatory crowdsourcing and mapping. <br />
#Commit to address biodiversity imbalances, use funding and regulations as tools for fostering urban and biodiverse nature.<br />
<br />
Get inspired by [https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2020-08-05-in-south-africa-access-to-urban-green-areas-remains-a-white-privilege.html Mapping access to green spaces] in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4244Caring2022-05-09T12:02:39Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities */</p>
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<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
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==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
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A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
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<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
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Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
<br />
The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
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<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
<br />
See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
<br />
''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
<br />
Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
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==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
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<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
<br />
In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
<br />
This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
<br />
Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
<br />
#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
<br />
See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
<br />
''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
<br />
#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
<br />
Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
<br />
==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Several approaches can activate this key to make cities more sustainable and just. To unlock the true power of diversity, we need to build [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], foster [[Democratic innovation through recognition|democratic innovation through recognition]], nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]] and [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]]. Each of these approaches provides pathways for invigorating, expanding and appreciating diversity as a necessary building block in creating resilient, just and sustainable cities.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
To justly recognize diversity, a true [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commitment to meaningful participation]] is needed. This means that inclusion is not only supported as a ‘head nod’ or in a ‘check-box’ mode, but rather that sufficient efforts go into the meaningful involvement and leadership of diverse people and collectives. It is also crucial that this applies to power structures, and is present in each step of the planning and decision-making process. This can be achieved by [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]] and [[Make space for adaptation and experimentation|making space for adaptation and experimentation]]. Another important way to facilitate diversity is by [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between different stakeholder groups]]. This means that not only is diversity acknowledged and encouraged, but that these diverse actors are brought together for meaningful collaboration, which ultimately underpins the design of holistic and intersectional solutions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Unacknowledged #Diversity drives many forms of urban injustice and leads to [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]]. Not recognizing the diversity of citizens and their needs can lead to [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Only a city that acknowledges and addresses the diversity of its citizens and their needs at the level of local politics and praxis, can be truly just and sustainable. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“I think this key is useful as long as the protagonists participate in the process of policy-making. Creating policies for marginalised people without marginalised people has been shown to be inefficient.” (Begoña Pérez Pérez)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Celebrating diversity via food, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Graz, Austria''<br />
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In 2020 in Upper Austria, a number of participants came together for two cooking classes. However, these were not classes to teach how to make Wiener Schnitzel or apple strudel; instead, participants learned about the secrets and histories of Bosnian and Arabic foods, and co-created wonderful meals.<br />
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This is the activity that took place as part of the [http://www.urbandiversity.eu/about/ Urban Diversity project], which aims to stir the creativity and improve the economic performance of small- and medium-sized companies and enterprises led by migrant entrepreneurs in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Graz (Austria). The project highlights the presence and creativity of migrant entrepreneurs while also promoting intercultural understanding, openness and tolerance, facilitating their integration into the local community. Projects such as Diverse Cities not only promote the work of ethnically diverse individuals and enterprises, but contribute to the meaningful empowerment of individuals from varied origins, deepening and enriching the everyday representation of their cultures and histories. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Invest in proactive inclusion measures''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that environmental planning and decision-making is accessible to all urban residents through concrete measures, e.g. accessible language and awareness-raising campaigns. <br />
#Participate in the work of the people you are working with (e.g. citizen- and community-led initiatives), and approach them, instead of expecting them to approach you first.<br />
#Involve mediators who can understand conflicts and diverging perspectives. Ensure that civil servants receive the right training.<br />
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Learn more about [https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/91909-advanced-environmental-planning university-community partnerships] that embrace participatory action research as a planning strategy. <br />
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''Identify and learn from marginalised groups''<br />
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#Identify marginalised and excluded groups, and learn from them about their needs and wishes. Attend their events in their spaces and discuss directly with them about their needs, goals and motives. Using this information, and the direct relationships, to plan together on how they can engage in the decision-making process and activities.<br />
#Cooperate with civil society organisations run by or representing marginalised groups when planning actions and activities.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for the inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], and about [[Democratic innovation through recognition|Democratic innovation through recognition]]. Also learn about projects like [http://www.citispyce.eu/ CITISPYCE] which seek to engage disadvantaged and marginalised youth in European cities, and afford them greater inclusion in policy making processes.<br />
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==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
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In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential|#Adaptation]] [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Several approaches activate this key to opening possibilities for more sustainable and just cities. To unlock the true power of nature we need to [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation|rethink governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], rely on [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]] and nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]]. Each of these approaches provides orientations, pathways and tools for invigorating, expanding and appreciating nature. They also help to conceptualise nature as inseparable from culture, environmental governance, problem-solving and comprehensive understandings of urban sustainability and justice. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Nature’s vitality and potential in urban settings are stimulated through various means: [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive visions of change]] that are broad, integrated, and work from the bottom up; commitment to a [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] that can assure that the visioning process is well informed by community aspirations and localized placemaking potential; and [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] to understand what is possible and makes the most sense in a given socio-ecological context. [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|Developing resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is also needed to assure the capacity to implement the vision.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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If integrated in an inclusive way, #Nature can help cities to overcome differentiations in [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. Urban #Nature is also crucial in dealing with [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]], particularly in the context of unquestioned neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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n/a<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Preventing floods with a stormwater park, Malmö, Sweden''<br />
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Inaugurated in 2020, the [[https://malmo.se/Uppleva-och-gora/Natur-och-parker/Parker-i-Malmo/Dagvattenparken.html Dagvattenparken]] (Stormwater Park) in the Hyllie district of Southern Malmö combines green and blue infrastructure in a rapidly growing city. <br />
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The park provides a stormwater reservoir for more than 6,600 m3 of water, which is much needed due to heavier rainfalls in the last few years. The scenic park, with its pedestrian and bicycle paths, a bridge to look over the treetops and meadow also serve as an oasis for the local habitants. The surrounding city is characterized by its young, diverse, multicultural and growing population, but also by its increasing densification. The rainwater park is an effort to simultaneously incorporate more nature into an urban area, manage the impacts of climate change and address equal access to nature in a dense city.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Support projects which help us think differently about our relationship with nature''<br />
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#Redefine conceptions of who and what has rights, including sentient animals and even natural features inside and outside cities to better protect and regenerate nature.<br />
#Be inspired by successful legal battles to award personhood and legal rights to national parks, rivers and other natural bodies.<br />
#Reflecting on what is indigeneous, create stories from and around natural features in the city so it belongs as an explicit part of the neighbourhoods and help the inhabitants relate to them and help them become guardians of nature.<br />
#Adopt different ways of defining, understanding and experiencing nature, with up-stream salutogenic design and attention to different and civic-based worldviews, value systems, organising ideas and mental models overcoming techno-science approaches.<br />
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Read more about [[Urban Gardening Peace Project|Wuppertal's Urban Gardening Peace Project]]. Read about debates over the [https://duncan-crowley.medium.com/ag-si%C3%BAl-go-dt%C3%AD-an-tsaoil-le-aoibhneas-47e9ee042ed7 meaning of indigeneity] in the modern world. Listen to the [https://podcastaddict.com/episode/62649421 Designers of Paradise podcast] on initiatives experimenting with agricultural approaches to natural restoration. <br />
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''Harness the potential of nature-based solutions for justice''<br />
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#Foster nature-based solutions (NBS) which can, in addition to technical innovations, strengthen access to nature and ecosystem services. Reflect and invest in the social benefits of NBS.<br />
#Limit heat stress, Improve water quality and reduce flooding by using green roofs,city parks and natural stormwater management systems . <br />
#Ensure that nature-based solutions and the unique cultural characteristics of neighbourhoods go hand-in-hand while preventing green gentrification.<br />
#Provide multi-functional green spaces which support both the adaptation to climate change and sports and recreation. These spaces are also important for local community-building and increase the attractiveness of the neighbourhood.<br />
#Protect against so-called “Green gentrification” by ensuring that the benefits of NBS are distributed across society.<br />
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Learn more about [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]]. Read about projects like [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/ GreenLULUs] on the distribution of urban greening benefits. <br />
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''Foster urban biodiversity using mapping tools''<br />
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#Gather high-quality data by mapping and analysing the accessibility and quality of green spaces using GIS tools and participatory crowdsourcing and mapping. <br />
#Commit to address biodiversity imbalances, use funding and regulations as tools for fostering urban and biodiverse nature.<br />
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Get inspired by [https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2020-08-05-in-south-africa-access-to-urban-green-areas-remains-a-white-privilege.html Mapping access to green spaces] in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4243Caring2022-05-09T11:55:21Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities */</p>
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<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
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==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
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A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
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Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
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The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
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See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
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''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
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Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
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==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
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In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
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This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
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Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
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#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
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See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
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''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
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#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
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Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
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==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Several approaches can activate this key to make cities more sustainable and just. To unlock the true power of diversity, we need to build [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], foster [[Democratic innovation through recognition|democratic innovation through recognition]], nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]] and [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]]. Each of these approaches provides pathways for invigorating, expanding and appreciating diversity as a necessary building block in creating resilient, just and sustainable cities.<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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To justly recognize diversity, a true [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commitment to meaningful participation]] is needed. This means that inclusion is not only supported as a ‘head nod’ or in a ‘check-box’ mode, but rather that sufficient efforts go into the meaningful involvement and leadership of diverse people and collectives. It is also crucial that this applies to power structures, and is present in each step of the planning and decision-making process. This can be achieved by [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]] and [[Make space for adaptation and experimentation|making space for adaptation and experimentation]]. Another important way to facilitate diversity is by [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between different stakeholder groups]]. This means that not only is diversity acknowledged and encouraged, but that these diverse actors are brought together for meaningful collaboration, which ultimately underpins the design of holistic and intersectional solutions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Unacknowledged #Diversity drives many forms of urban injustice and leads to [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]]. Not recognizing the diversity of citizens and their needs can lead to [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Only a city that acknowledges and addresses the diversity of its citizens and their needs at the level of local politics and praxis, can be truly just and sustainable. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“I think this key is useful as long as the protagonists participate in the process of policy-making. Creating policies for marginalised people without marginalised people has been shown to be inefficient.” (Begoña Pérez Pérez)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Celebrating diversity via food, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Graz, Austria''<br />
<br />
In 2020 in Upper Austria, a number of participants came together for two cooking classes. However, these were not classes to teach how to make Wiener Schnitzel or apple strudel; instead, participants learned about the secrets and histories of Bosnian and Arabic foods, and co-created wonderful meals.<br />
<br />
This is the activity that took place as part of the [http://www.urbandiversity.eu/about/ Urban Diversity project], which aims to stir the creativity and improve the economic performance of small- and medium-sized companies and enterprises led by migrant entrepreneurs in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Graz (Austria). The project highlights the presence and creativity of migrant entrepreneurs while also promoting intercultural understanding, openness and tolerance, facilitating their integration into the local community. Projects such as Diverse Cities not only promote the work of ethnically diverse individuals and enterprises, but contribute to the meaningful empowerment of individuals from varied origins, deepening and enriching the everyday representation of their cultures and histories. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Invest in proactive inclusion measures''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that environmental planning and decision-making is accessible to all urban residents through concrete measures, e.g. accessible language and awareness-raising campaigns. <br />
#Participate in the work of the people you are working with (e.g. citizen- and community-led initiatives), and approach them, instead of expecting them to approach you first.<br />
#Involve mediators who can understand conflicts and diverging perspectives. Ensure that civil servants receive the right training.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/91909-advanced-environmental-planning university-community partnerships] that embrace participatory action research as a planning strategy. <br />
<br />
''Identify and learn from marginalised groups''<br />
<br />
#Identify marginalised and excluded groups, and learn from them about their needs and wishes. Attend their events in their spaces and discuss directly with them about their needs, goals and motives. Using this information, and the direct relationships, to plan together on how they can engage in the decision-making process and activities.<br />
#Cooperate with civil society organisations run by or representing marginalised groups when planning actions and activities.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for the inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], and about [[Democratic innovation through recognition|Democratic innovation through recognition]]. Also learn about projects like [http://www.citispyce.eu/ CITISPYCE] which seek to engage disadvantaged and marginalised youth in European cities, and afford them greater inclusion in policy making processes.<br />
<br />
==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
<br />
In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Adaptation - Change is inevitable, and adaptation essential|#Adaptation]] [[#Accessibility - Green is for everyone|#Accessibility]] [[#Regional - Regional integration makes cities stronger|#Regional]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Several approaches activate this key to opening possibilities for more sustainable and just cities. To unlock the true power of nature we need to [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]], [[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation|rethink governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]], rely on [[Nature-based solutions|nature-based solutions]] and nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]]. Each of these approaches provides orientations, pathways and tools for invigorating, expanding and appreciating nature. They also help to conceptualise nature as inseparable from culture, environmental governance, problem-solving and comprehensive understandings of urban sustainability and justice. <br />
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<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Nature’s vitality and potential in urban settings are stimulated through various means: [[Create a comprehensive vision of change|comprehensive visions of change]] that are broad, integrated, and work from the bottom up; commitment to a [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|meaningful participation process]] that can assure that the visioning process is well informed by community aspirations and localized placemaking potential; and [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between separate stakeholder groups]] to understand what is possible and makes the most sense in a given socio-ecological context. [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|Developing resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is also needed to assure the capacity to implement the vision.<br />
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<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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If integrated in an inclusive way, #Nature can help cities to overcome differentiations in [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]. Urban #Nature is also crucial in dealing with [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]], particularly in the context of unquestioned neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism.<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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n/a<br />
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<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Preventing floods with a stormwater park, Malmö, Sweden''<br />
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Inaugurated in 2020, the [[https://malmo.se/Uppleva-och-gora/Natur-och-parker/Parker-i-Malmo/Dagvattenparken.html Dagvattenparken]] (Stormwater Park) in the Hyllie district of Southern Malmö combines green and blue infrastructure in a rapidly growing city. <br />
<br />
The park provides a stormwater reservoir for more than 6,600 m3 of water, which is much needed due to heavier rainfalls in the last few years. The scenic park, with its pedestrian and bicycle paths, a bridge to look over the treetops and meadow also serve as an oasis for the local habitants. The surrounding city is characterized by its young, diverse, multicultural and growing population, but also by its increasing densification. The rainwater park is an effort to simultaneously incorporate more nature into an urban area, manage the impacts of climate change and address equal access to nature in a dense city.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Support projects which help us think differently about our relationship with nature''<br />
<br />
#Redefine conceptions of who and what has rights, including sentient animals and even natural features inside and outside cities to better protect and regenerate nature.<br />
#Be inspired by successful legal battles to award personhood and legal rights to national parks, rivers and other natural bodies.<br />
#Reflecting on what is indigeneous, create stories from and around natural features in the city so it belongs as an explicit part of the neighbourhoods and help the inhabitants relate to them and help them become guardians of nature.<br />
#Adopt different ways of defining, understanding and experiencing nature, with up-stream salutogenic design and attention to different and civic-based worldviews, value systems, organising ideas and mental models overcoming techno-science approaches.<br />
<br />
Read more about Wuppertal's Urban Gardening Peace Project.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4242Caring2022-05-09T11:41:17Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity */</p>
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<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
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<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
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A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
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<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
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Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
<br />
The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
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See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
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''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
<br />
Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
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==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
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In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
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This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
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Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
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<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
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#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
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See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
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''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
<br />
#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
<br />
Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
<br />
==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
<br />
Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action|#Solidarity]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Several approaches can activate this key to make cities more sustainable and just. To unlock the true power of diversity, we need to build [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], foster [[Democratic innovation through recognition|democratic innovation through recognition]], nurture a [[Culture for empowerment|culture of empowerment]] and [[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability|reconceptualize urban justice and sustainability]]. Each of these approaches provides pathways for invigorating, expanding and appreciating diversity as a necessary building block in creating resilient, just and sustainable cities.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
To justly recognize diversity, a true [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|commitment to meaningful participation]] is needed. This means that inclusion is not only supported as a ‘head nod’ or in a ‘check-box’ mode, but rather that sufficient efforts go into the meaningful involvement and leadership of diverse people and collectives. It is also crucial that this applies to power structures, and is present in each step of the planning and decision-making process. This can be achieved by [[Tap into existing community networks|tapping into existing community networks]] and [[Make space for adaptation and experimentation|making space for adaptation and experimentation]]. Another important way to facilitate diversity is by [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|building bridges between different stakeholder groups]]. This means that not only is diversity acknowledged and encouraged, but that these diverse actors are brought together for meaningful collaboration, which ultimately underpins the design of holistic and intersectional solutions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Unacknowledged #Diversity drives many forms of urban injustice and leads to [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]]. Not recognizing the diversity of citizens and their needs can lead to [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]], [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] and [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Only a city that acknowledges and addresses the diversity of its citizens and their needs at the level of local politics and praxis, can be truly just and sustainable. <br />
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<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“I think this key is useful as long as the protagonists participate in the process of policy-making. Creating policies for marginalised people without marginalised people has been shown to be inefficient.” (Begoña Pérez Pérez)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Celebrating diversity via food, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Graz, Austria''<br />
<br />
In 2020 in Upper Austria, a number of participants came together for two cooking classes. However, these were not classes to teach how to make Wiener Schnitzel or apple strudel; instead, participants learned about the secrets and histories of Bosnian and Arabic foods, and co-created wonderful meals.<br />
<br />
This is the activity that took place as part of the [http://www.urbandiversity.eu/about/ Urban Diversity project], which aims to stir the creativity and improve the economic performance of small- and medium-sized companies and enterprises led by migrant entrepreneurs in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Graz (Austria). The project highlights the presence and creativity of migrant entrepreneurs while also promoting intercultural understanding, openness and tolerance, facilitating their integration into the local community. Projects such as Diverse Cities not only promote the work of ethnically diverse individuals and enterprises, but contribute to the meaningful empowerment of individuals from varied origins, deepening and enriching the everyday representation of their cultures and histories. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
''Invest in proactive inclusion measures''<br />
<br />
#Ensure that environmental planning and decision-making is accessible to all urban residents through concrete measures, e.g. accessible language and awareness-raising campaigns. <br />
#Participate in the work of the people you are working with (e.g. citizen- and community-led initiatives), and approach them, instead of expecting them to approach you first.<br />
#Involve mediators who can understand conflicts and diverging perspectives. Ensure that civil servants receive the right training.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/91909-advanced-environmental-planning university-community partnerships] that embrace participatory action research as a planning strategy. <br />
<br />
''Identify and learn from marginalised groups''<br />
<br />
#Identify marginalised and excluded groups, and learn from them about their needs and wishes. Attend their events in their spaces and discuss directly with them about their needs, goals and motives. Using this information, and the direct relationships, to plan together on how they can engage in the decision-making process and activities.<br />
#Cooperate with civil society organisations run by or representing marginalised groups when planning actions and activities.<br />
<br />
Learn more about [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for the inclusion of disadvantaged groups]], and about [[Democratic innovation through recognition|Democratic innovation through recognition]]. Also learn about projects like [http://www.citispyce.eu/ CITISPYCE] which seek to engage disadvantaged and marginalised youth in European cities, and afford them greater inclusion in policy making processes.<br />
<br />
==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
<br />
In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' #Adaptation #Accessibility #Regional (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example'''<br />
<br />
'''Avenues for action'''<br />
<br />
You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silvertonhttps://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/index.php?title=Caring&diff=4241Caring2022-05-09T11:25:28Z<p>Sophia Silverton: /* #Accessibility - Green is for everyone */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Discover 4 keys to make cities caring:'''<br />
<br />
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_8J4Fa2E</embedvideo><br />
<br />
==#Solidarity - Solidarity is fairness in action==<br />
<br />
A sustainable and just city is built on solidarity. It fosters the sharing of abundance in time and resources through equitable redistributive mechanisms and sharing programs. Bottom-up social and affordable housing programs are supported and strengthened through robust regulation. Shared forms of housing and care-oriented ways of living and working are encouraged and supported. Sustainable and affordable food networks are woven together to support local farmers and offer high-quality sustenance for residents.<br />
<br />
'''Related keys:''' [[#Participation - Meaningful participation is empowering|#Participation]] [[#CivilSociety - Anybody can be a change-maker in their community|#CivilSociety]] [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
<br />
<br />
'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity can be fostered by funding schemes such as [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]], [[Participatory budgeting|participatory budgeting]], and also by enhancing [[Governance and participation processes|governance and participation processes]]. [[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups|Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]] can lead to increased multi-stakeholder partnership, as local impact is seen and felt. Central is the role of [[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons|sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]], which, in the spirit of care and solidarity, work for and with vulnerable and marginalised groups.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
<br />
A sustainable and just city based on solidarity seeks to involve the most vulnerable and marginalised people in multiple processes that shape their territories. [[Tap into existing community networks|Tapping into existing community networks]] is a vital first step to maximising the inclusion of the greatest diversity of voices and perspectives. This must be followed up by city authorities [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|committing to a meaningful participation process]] that recognizes traditional power imbalances against such groups and by the [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|bridging of different stakeholder groups]] to implement co-created community visions. If vulnerable groups and communities feel tricked, exposed or duped, their participation can be quickly turned against existing systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
<br />
Solidarity is often needed for communities fighting against physical injustices due to [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns|uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]. Furthermore, solidarity is key for addressing forms of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanisation]], as well as urban communities impacted by evictions and gentrification processes caused by unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism. Solidarity is fairness in action, with key battles consisting of simply seeking balance in [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration|uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]], strengthening of [[Weak(ened) civil society|weak(ened) civil society]], remediation or replacement of [[Unfit institutional structures|unfit institutional structures]] and solutions to [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning|limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. Solidarity can be manifested at the local level, but also translocally.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
<br />
*“Once mechanisms are put in place for people to be able to support others in their community, it's incredible to see how many people want to be involved, how committed they get and what a difference people can make.” (Emma Erwin of Transition Stirling)<br />
*“Solidarity describes very well the components of a city. It contains the basic needs that should be accessible for everyone (housing and nutrition) but also sheds light on the fact that living goes beyond those needs: caring for each other, sharing, sustainability.” (Nina Rosstalnyj, Central European University (CEU)) <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inspirational example:''' ''Fighting hunger while reducing retail food waste, Vantaa (Finland)''<br />
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Instead of throwing away food, factories, wholesalers and supermarkets can donate their food to the [https://www.yhteinenpoyta.fi/en/ Shared Table network] where centralized collection then leads to distribution of the surplus through communal meals and bags of food to take home.<br />
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The model was developed by the City of Vantaa and Vantaa Parish Union in 2015, and it has been adopted by other cities across Finland. In addition to helping people in need of food, the model has also successfully reduced food waste, provided jobs for long-term unemployed people and reduced loneliness with its community- and welfare-based approach to food aid. According to [https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/reduction-of-retail-food-waste-vantaa/ Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra], Vantaa has managed to reduce retail food waste by 1 kg per inhabitant with this model.<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Start and support solidarity-based community groups''<br />
#Start community groups which are focused on helping and sharing in the neighbourhood. <br />
#Provide subsidised and self-managed spaces, "community living rooms", for locals to meet and use the space for their own activities as they wish (e.g. community spaces, urban gardens). <br />
#Build these communities based on existing networks and initiatives. Inspire more actions for solidarity by showcasing, celebrating and rewarding these groups.<br />
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See [https://zlev.de/ "Zusammen Leben"] (Living Together) garden in Freiburg, Germany, as an example of a low-barrier, inclusive community initiative. Read [https://wiki.sustainablejustcities.eu/Tap_into_existing_community_networks more about examples of such community groups], and advice for supporting them, on the UrbanA Wiki. <br />
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''Come together through mutually enjoyable activities''<br />
#Use food as a connector and incentive for people to meet. <br />
#Organise communal dinner for people from different (cultural) backgrounds to meet and interact in a positive environment. <br />
#Collaborate with local communities and NGOs in organising communal meals and food sharing initiatives.<br />
#Explore and harness other common denominators which could bring people from different backgrounds together (hobbies etc.)<br />
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Read about the [[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)|Edible Cities Network]] - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities, on the UrbanA Wiki. Learn more about SHARECITY, a research project that explores food sharing initiatives in cities aroudn the world, culminating in the [[https://sharecity.ie/research/sharecity100-database/ SHARECITY100 database]], aimed at increasing visibility and accessibility of these initiaitves.<br />
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==#Accessibility - Green is for everyone==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities respond to the ecological crisis by developing greener infrastructure and services that are accessible to all urban dwellers. In these cities, a person’s disability, gender, class, race, age, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, to name just a few, are not barriers. Everyone has equal access to urban amenities, green infrastructure, mobility, job opportunities, housing, food and energy. Accessibility is not only a physical issue, such as access to public space, it is also an economic issue (e.g. affordability), a knowledge one (e.g. language used), a social one (e.g. homelessness) and a political one (e.g. transparency in decision-making).<br />
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'''Related keys:''' [[#Economy - The economy benefits people and the environment|#Economy]] [[#Power - Power dynamics are identified and dismantled for more equitable structures|#Power]] [[#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities|#Nature]]<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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Here, the application of [[Nature-based solutions for health and equality|Nature-based Solutions for health and equality]] is crucial, as the approach focuses on how residents in all urban areas can benefit from greening interventions, as opposed to just a privileged few. Yet making urban sustainability accessible also means cultivating community and providing opportunities for residents to live dignified and healthy lives, especially those who have been targeted by systematic exclusion and discrimination. This type of community focused and driven work towards accessibility is evidenced by the [[Right to housing|right to housing movement]] and the expansion of [[Community gardens and food|community gardens]]. Often, exclusion from sustainability initiatives and benefits is a combined result of underlying inequalities and exclusions. In this sense, other helpful inclusion-oriented approaches can be used, like [[Participatory budgeting|participative budgeting]] schemes, alternative [[Financial practices and instruments|financial practices and instruments]] (e.g., public ownership of services such as water and energy-services) and policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups. <br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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Increasing accessibility to green space requires more (and more meaningful) opportunities for [[Commit to a meaningful participation process|public participation]]. Only by including the voices of socio-economically vulnerable groups in the process of shaping sustainability initiatives, can procedural justice be pursued. Thus, problems of accessibility otherwise invisible or unknown to planners and politicians can be paid due attention. This inclusion also needs to be complemented by policies that [[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups|build bridges]] between separate, and even potentially opposed social groups. Finally, developing [[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements|resilient and self-sufficient financing arrangements]] is fundamental for the creation of new tools and pathways that facilitate accessibility to urban environments.<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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Urban green spaces are unevenly distributed and accessed. This is related to the presence of historical inequities in the ways these spaces have been created and regulated. Examples are the racialized disinvestment in low-income, Indigenous, and communities of colour versus heavy investment in wealthy, white neighbourhoods. As cities put more money into sustainability without addressing the pre-existing landscape of inequity, gentrification and exclusion often follow, reproducing the very issues that city administrations are seeking to reverse. Increasing accessibility can address trends of [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization|racially or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]] and [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure|uneven access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]] through more equitable distribution of interventions and better representation of minorities and vulnerable groups in decision-making processes. <br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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*“Accessibility is by law, a need in our society. It is clear that our society is changing (i.e. older, more nationalities and cultures sharing spaces) and cities have to make sure everyone can enjoy and live there.” (Pau Pamplona)<br />
*“I think accessibility should also be beyond physical spaces. How to access information. How to communicate through e-platforms. How to access education. How to access democratic online participation tools.” (Pilar Orero)<br />
*“Accessibility is essential for cities to ensure that its inhabitants, who are more often than not migrants, do not feel alienated. Keeping in mind the nature of employment in cities, this become doubly important to ensure the psychological wellbeing of inhabitants.” (Rohit Sarma)<br />
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'''Inspirational example:''' ''Policies for accessibility to green spaces, Lyon & Nantes''<br />
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In the City of Lyon (France) a new policy was introduced in 2019 that establishes a minimum of green space in new development, seeking to encourage urban renovations, protect natural areas and enhance heritage and urban functions, while improving housing affordability. <br />
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This policy aimed to ensure greater accessibility to urban green spaces for residents, who (at the time) only had access (in terms of walkable distances, or convenient public transport) to 10% of the city’s relatively abundant available green space. While this policy recognizes the ample recreational, health, and biodiversity benefits of green, a lack of attention to accessibility could mean that these efforts focus on the development of higher (multi-storey) buildings, something that could make natural areas less accessible, enjoyable or welcoming than originally desired. <br />
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Another example is the greening strategy of Nantes (France), implemented since the 1980s and dedicating 6% of the city’s total budget to green space. The strategy favours an equality-driven approach that seeks to guarantee access to green space throughout the entire municipality: The plan aims for green spaces within 300 meters of the homes of Nantes’ residents. From 1984 to 2015, green spaces doubled, reaching 57 m2 of green space per capita for a total of 100 municipal parks. The city’s green space strategy combines small neighborhood parks, green corridors and large city-wide historic parks. <br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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''Improve the accessibility of public engagement processes''<br />
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#Make planning and public engagement processes accessible by providing tailored and targeted facilitation in consultation events (e.g. interpreters for sign language, audiovisual interpretations, accessibility of spaces and platforms). <br />
#Design the engagement process together with the target group, social workers, and civil society organizations representing the groups.<br />
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See this example of the [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg|co-creation of a sustainable neighbourhood in Freiburg]], Germany. <br />
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''Use planning, regulations and funding as tools for sustainable and affordable housing''<br />
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#Make sustainable housing affordable and accessible using planning measures, regulations and funding to guide the direction of housing development.<br />
#Possible actions include retrofitting social housing, incorporating social dimensions (e.g. affordability and accessibility) in funding criteria, and using regulations to prevent the privatisation of green spaces and the gentrification of neighbourhoods.<br />
#Integrate social responsibility (e.g. affordable housing) into future property and real-estate development contracts.<br />
#Prioritise and enable creative housing arrangements (e.g. multigenerational houses, shared housing, cooperatives).<br />
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Get inspired by a [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels|community-led affordable housing intervention]] in Brussels, Belgium.<br />
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==#Diversity - Inclusion starts by embracing diversity==<br />
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Sustainable and just cities recognize and acknowledge diversity, analysing the real and diverse needs of all residents through an intersectional approach. Intersectionality helps city-makers understand combined inequalities based on the different identities and characteristics of a person or group. In a sustainable and just city, for example, a policy working to make greener areas safer for women examines not only gender-based inequalities, but also the influences of race and class. Such analysis is the basis for local policy solutions that lead to inclusive, people-centred and carbon-neutral cities.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' #Participation #Solidarity #Power (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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'''Inspirational example'''<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.<br />
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==#Nature - Nature creates living and breathing cities==<br />
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In sustainable and just cities, nature-based planning is central. Rewilding initiatives, permaculture, biodiversity and continuously productive urban landscapes intersect with social and economic initiatives. They are designed with and around blue and green infrastructure, and aim for enhanced resilience. Urban nature provides shelter to flora and fauna, which, in turn, people use and enjoy. Natural infrastructure helps reduce hazards like urban heat islands, and this infrastructure is implemented and maintained in a way that supports the most vulnerable neighbourhoods. Harmful and polluting industries are scaled down and the use of cars is significantly reduced in order to allow human and non-human life to thrive.<br />
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'''Related keys:''' #Adaptation #Accessibility #Regional (LINK TO THEIR CLUSTER PAGES)<br />
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[[File:1-EXCLUSIVE-ACCESS-TO-BENEFITS.jpg|600px|thumb|right]] <br />
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'''What approaches can activate this key?'''<br />
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'''What governance arrangements enable this key?'''<br />
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'''What drivers of injustice does this key address?'''<br />
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'''Extra insights from UrbanA Community'''<br />
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'''Inspirational example'''<br />
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'''Avenues for action'''<br />
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You might be wondering, what everyday actions can I take to put all this theory into practice? Take a look at the avenues for action, below, for some practical guidance.</div>Sophia Silverton